HR ExpertHR ExpertHuman Resource Management,Human Resource,Planning,Recruitment,Job description,Job design,Training and Development,Evaluation,Employee Behaviour Problems,Collective bargaining,Communication,Employee Turnover,Industrial Disputes,Employee Motivation,Emp Articles
Johari Quadrant
2008-03-06 13:03:00 A JOHARI WINDOW The Johari Window, named after the first names of its inventors, Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham, is one of the most useful models describing the process of human interaction. A four paned "window," as illustrated above, divides personal awareness into four different types, as represented by its four quadrants: open, hidden, blind, and unknown. The lines dividing the four panes are like window shades, which can move as an interaction progresses.In this model, each person is represented by their own window.JOHARI QUADRANT 1 - 'OPEN SELF/AREA' OR 'FREE AREA' OR 'PUBLIC AREA', OR 'ARENA'Johari region 1 is also known as the 'area of free activity'. This is the information about the person - behavior, attitude, feelings, emotion, knowledge, experience, skills, views, etc - known by the person ('the self') and known by the group ('others'). For example in my case the "open" quadrant represents things that both I know about myself, and that you know about me. For...
Johari Window-Introduction
2008-03-06 12:45:00 A Johari window is a metaphorical tool created by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955 in the United States, as a model for mapping personality awareness, used to help people better understand their interpersonal communication and relationships. It is used primarily in self-help groups and corporate settings as a heuristic exercise. When performing the exercise, the subject is given a list of 55 adjectives and picks five or six that they feel describe their own personality. Peers of the subject are then given the same list, and each pick five or six adjectives that describe the subject.Adjectives selected by both the participant and his or her peers are placed into the Arena quadrant. This quadrant represents traits of the participant of which both they and their peers are aware.Adjectives selected only by the participant, but not by any of their peers, are placed into the Façade quadrant, representing information about the participant of which their peers are unaware. It is then up... More About: Introduction , Window
Better Win Win Result
2008-02-22 17:18:00 Achieving a Win/Win OutcomeThe best outcome for almost all negotiations is win/win, when both parties walk away with a positive feeling about achieving their goals. But how do you accomplish this ideal situation? There are four keys:1. Avoid narrowing your negotiation down to one issue. When you focus on just one issue, there can be only one winner. A common example is arguing over the price of something. To avoid creating a win/lose outcome, you can bring other factors into the negotiation, such as delivery fees, timing, quality, supplemental goods and services, and so on.2. Realize that the other party does not have the same needs and wants you do. If you think the other person?s goals are exactly the same as yours (for instance, a "good" price, which may mean different things for the two of you), you will have the attitude that the other party?s gain is your loss. With that attitude, it is virtually impossible to create a win/win outcome.3. Don?t assume you know the other party?... More About: Result
Negotiation Style
2008-02-22 17:14:00 The Bully Style An easily identifiable style is that of the bully. He is powerful, commands attention and has a high energy level. His modus operandi is to push for action, is usually loud, and is confrontational. He is totally insensitive to the feelings and needs of others, wanting to attain his own outcomes at all cost.The advantages of this style are that he commands attention for a key point, and that negotiation can be brought to a rapid close.Unfortunately, this style of negotiator will miss subtle points in the negotiation which could adversely affect the outcome, and has an: it is my way or the highway attitude.Nonverbal characteristics of this type are an exaggerated posture of leaning forward, excessive use of pointing, and very direct eye contact.This style is very limited in its usefulness, and certainly does not encourage a win/win outcome.The ManipulatorAlthough not lacking in empathy as much as the Bully, the Manipulator still has a disregard for the feelings of other... More About: Negotiation
Power Up Your Negotiation
2008-02-22 17:11:00 Many negotiation gurus are so successful in their negotiations because of the key habits that they develop over a long period of time. I spent most of my week reading and researching into the key habits of great negotiators. Some of them have a few recurring key habits.Your goal is to become a negotiation guru. Learn the habits from the great negotiators. Apply them into your life and see how the habits will work for you. Keep experimenting with them.These are the 4 key habits that they have: 1. Prepare, Prepare, PrepareYou would not go ski-ing or sky diving without first preparing for it. Similarly, you should not enter a negotiation without having done enough preparation. Without spending adequate time on the preparation process, your negotiation success rate will drop dramatically.Good negotiators spend a large amount of time preparing for their negotiation. They are not afraid to admit that they do not know everything . One way to prepare for their negotiation is to keep asking ... More About: Power , Negotiation
Win-Win Negotiations-Objective
2008-02-22 17:00:00 Seminar Objectives:Participants in the Win-Win Negotiations seminar will:Develop an effective plan and strategy for any negotiationKnow when and when not to negotiateNegotiate face-to-face, on the phone, and through e-mailLearn to become more persuasiveDevelop a common negotiating language with the other partiesUse techniques that elicit information from the other partiesIdentify and work with client and employee behaviors styles to maximize closureRecognize interests and issues to avoid unnecessary positionsNeutralize manipulative tacticsMinimize conflicts and deadlocks both internally and externallyCoordinate negotiations within client organizationMeet business objectives by focusing on planning rather than tactic
successful negotiation?
2008-02-22 13:47:00 However, if you need to resolve a major disagreement, then make sure you prepare thoroughly. Using our free worksheet, think through the following points before you start negotiating: Goals: what do you want to get out of the negotiation? What do you think the other person wants?Trades: What do you and the other person have that you can trade? What do you each have that the other wants? What are you each comfortable giving away?Alternatives: if you don?t reach agreement with the other person, what alternatives do you have? Are these good or bad? How much does it matter if you do not reach agreement? Does failure to reach an agreement cut you out of future opportunities? And what alternatives might the other person have?Relationships: what is the history of the relationship? Could or should this history impact the negotiation? Will there be any hidden issues that may influence the negotiation? How will you handle these?Expected outcomes: what outcome will people be expecting from th... More About: Negotiation
Elements that affect negotiation
2008-02-22 13:43:00 Communications: be careful about using the phone, e-mail, and other nonvisual communication vehicles. A lack of facial expressions, vocal intonation, and other cues can result in a negotiation breakdown. Constantly reiterate your interest in the other side's concerns and your determination to find a mutually satisfactory resolution.Personalities: be conscious of aspects of your personality such of your own needs and interpersonal style as well as the other person's personality; these factors will play a key role and understanding yourself will be an important factorYour own personality and style: how much you trust the person; how free with your emotions; how much you want to conceal or reveal;Physical space: sometimes where the negotiation takes place can be important; are we negotiating in a space we are uncomfortable and other is comfortable?Past interaction: if there is a history of conflict resolution with this person, think about how this history might affect the upcoming ne... More About: Elements , Negotiation
"win-lose" situation to a "win-win"
2008-02-22 13:40:00 There are many advantages to trying to shift a win/lose situation to a win/win. Yet we will be in situations where the other person either doesn't wish to reach a "win-win" or doesn't realize it is in his or her best interest to achieve a collaborative solution. In these situations it is necessary for us to open lines of communication, and try to increase trust and cooperativeness.Sometimes conflicts escalate, the atmosphere becomes charged with anger, frustration, resentment, mistrust, hostility, and a sense of futility. Communication channels close down or are used to criticize and blame the other. We focus on our next assault. The original issues become blurred and ill-defined and new issues are added as the conflict becomes personalized. Even if one side is willing to make concessions often hostility prevents agreements. In such a conflict, perceived differences become magnified, each side gets locked into their initial positions and each side resorts to lies, threats, distort... More About: Situation
Win-Win Bargaining:
2008-02-22 13:37:00 Keys to Integrative Bargaining Orient yourself towards a win-win approach: your attitude going into negotiation plays a huge role in the outcomePlan and have a concrete strategy...be clear on what is important to you and why it is importantKnow your BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Alternative)Separate people from the problemFocus on interests, not positions; consider the other party's situation:Create Options for Mutual Gain:Generate a variety of possibilities before deciding what to doAim for an outcome based on some objective standardPay a lot of attention to the flow of negotiation;Take the Intangibles into account; communicate carefullyUse Active Listening Skills; rephrase, ask questions and then ask some more
Kinds of Bargaining/Negotiation
2008-02-22 13:34:00 The Two Most Important Kinds of Bargaining : Distributive (win-lose) vs. Integrative (win-win)Distributive (also called competitive, zero sum, win-lose or claiming value).one side "wins" and one side "loses."there are fixed resources to be divided so that the more one gets, the less the other gets.one person's interests oppose the others.the dominant concern in this type of bargaining is usually maximizing one's own interests.dominant strategies in this mode include manipulation, forcing, and withholding information. Integrative (collaborative, win-win or creating value).there is a variable amount of resources to be divided and both sides can "win."dominant concern here is to maximize joint outcomes.dominant strategies include cooperation, sharing information, and mutual problem solving. This type is also called "creating value" since the goal here is to have both sides leave the negotiating feeling they had greater value than before. More About: Negotiation
Global Challenge-Negotiating
2008-02-22 13:26:00 When considering negotiations it is my feeling that most people from North America would consider themselves to be upright in their core values. This is good when we are negotiating amongst our own kind or with those who hold the same core values and ideals as we do. However this is not a perfect world and I believe we can set our sights toward the Middle East and the conflicts that are taking place in the world to realize that. Not everyone thinks the way you do.In my mind negotiation as an exchange of different objectives with the goal of finding a common ground or a mutually acceptable compromise, is something that should be workable for both parties. Anything beyond that is not negotiation rather a flaunting of might. Negotiation requires mutual respect not mutual trust; trust is something that is gained through negotiation not integral to it. Trust only comes through interaction. In my view if we feel that we should trust our opponent from the beginning then we are being trite.... More About: Global , Challenge
Essential steps for Negotiation
2008-02-22 13:19:00 Negotiation is not a process by which you try to destroy the other party. Rather, it is a process by which you reach a certain result. Good negotiation occurs when all parties are truthful, and they connect and interact successfully with each other. Good negotiation cannot happen if either party is trying to boost their ego in the process. People can win while helping the other person get what they want.We were born to negotiate just as we were born to walk. You may not even realize that you are negotiating when you talk to business associates, friends, children, and anyone in your communication realm. Some people think negotiation is confrontational. Good negotiation is not confrontational, and you really can negotiate ?win-win? results.Preparation is the key to being a good negotiator. If you are not prepared, you may not be able to explain the results you want, you may not be able to evaluate all the issues and alternatives, and you may give up too soon. There are certain essenti... More About: Negotiation , Essential , Steps
Win-Win Negotiations
2008-02-22 13:16:00 Win-Win Negotiations Negotiation is a science that requires preparation if you are to have any chance of succeeding. To realize your part of a win-win outcome in every negotiation, identifying your project cost and profit margin is essential. Knowing these two components of a project fee will help ensure the desired outcome.Before a client ever receives your fee proposal, most have already established a specific fee amount they are willing to pay for your services. If your proposal should exceed that threshold, you?ll have to negotiate to get your fee.What's the best way to prepare for such a negotiation? The most critical piece of information to identify in a negotiation would be the estimated project cost, exclusive of profit, to complete the project. This figure is otherwise known as the project "break-even" cost.You can determine this cost in several ways, and you would do well to investigate and compare the results of each method. One of the best methods is to review projects o...
Communication Feedback
2008-02-11 12:52:00 Constructive Feedback : Developing your Skills "I don't know how to turn her performance around; she never used to have these attendance problems and her work used to be so good; I don't know why this is happening and what to do." This manager is struggling with one of the most important yet trickiest and most difficult management tasks: providing contructive and useful feedback to others. Effective feedback is absolutely essential to organizational effectiveness; people must know where they are and where to go next in terms of expectations and goals-yours, their own, and the organization. Feedback taps basic human needs-to improve, to compete, to be accurate; people want to be competent. Feedback can be reinforcing; if given properly, feedback is almost always appreciated and motivates people to improve. But for many people, daily work is like bowling with a curtain placed between them and the pins; they receive little information. Be aware of the many reasons why people are hesi... More About: Communication
Win-Win Negotiation
2008-02-11 12:47:00 Win-Win Negotiation - Finding a fair compromise Negotiation skills help you to resolve situations where what you want conflicts with what someone else wants. The aim of negotiation is to explore the situation to find a solution that is acceptable to both parties.There are different styles of negotiation, depending on circumstances. Where you do not expect to deal with people ever again and you do not need their goodwill, then it may be appropriate to ?play hardball?, seeking to win a negotiation while the other person loses out. Many people go through this when they buy or sell a house ? this is why house-buying can be such a confrontational and unpleasant experience. Similarly, where there is a great deal at stake in a negotiation (for example, in large sales negotiations), then it may be appropriate to prepare in detail and use a certain amount of subtle gamesmanship to gain advantage.Both of these approaches are usually wrong for resolving disputes with people you have an ongoing... More About: Communication
Importance of Communication
2008-02-11 12:46:00 Why Communication s Skills Are So Important:The purpose of communication is to get your message across to others. This is a process that involves both the sender of the message and the receiver. This process leaves room for error, with messages often misinterpreted by one or more of the parties involved. This causes unnecessary confusion and counter productivity.In fact, a message is successful only when both the sender and the receiver perceive it in the same way.By successfully getting your message across, you convey your thoughts and ideas effectively. When not successful, the thoughts and ideas that you convey do not necessarily reflect your own, causing a communications breakdown and creating roadblocks that stand in the way of your goals ? both personally and professionally. In a recent survey of recruiters from companies with more than 50,000 employees, communication skills were cited as the single more important decisive factor in choosing managers. The survey, conducted by t...
Myths of Communication
2008-02-11 12:37:00 Myths of Communication Myths of communication are common misunderstandings about communication. When people believe these myths, they make mistakes in communication. 1. We communicate only when we want to communicate. FALSEWe communicate all day, every day, often without realizing it. As long as people can observe or hear us, they?re getting information from and forming opinions about us.2. Words mean the same thing to both speaker and listener. FALSEWhen Bala said she needed the third Saturday off, she thought she was being clear. Manoj thought he clearly understood. However, both of them attached entirely different meanings to the same set of words. Words hold different meanings for different people based on their experiences, perception, and interpretations.3. We communicate chiefly with words. FALSEManoj communicated a great deal without using only words. He argued, slammed the phone, stormed out, muttered, threw the clipboard, glared, shouted, and replied s... More About: Myths
Communication Elements
2008-02-11 12:35:00 Communication Elements Elements of speaking:Body languageVoice qualityIntentionManner: directness, sincerityDress and clothing (style, color, appropriateness for situation)Visual aids, animationEye contactEmotional content, energy, strengthSelf-conceptConcept of othersListening, hearing the underlying messageSpeaking from the heartEnergySetting, time, place, timingHow the messenger holds the messageSensitivityRhythm and pacingAttitude and confidenceRapportAgendaPurpose of communication - knowing what you want to communicateClaritySilence, centering, looking Elements of Listening: Attentiveness to speakerEye contactIntention be fully awake and awareOpenness: to other person and your ownPaying attentionListening to yourselfFeedbackBody languageChange in patternExpectations about person speaking, about their message, about their agenda More About: Communication
Communication Methods
2008-02-11 12:32:00 Communication Methods Experts say that communication is composed of different methods: words, voice, tone and non-verbal clues. Of these, some are more effective in delivering a message than others. According to research, in a conversation or verbal exchange: Words are 7% effectiveTone of voice is 38% effectiveNon-verbal clues are 55% effective. Non-verbal clues include: *Body language (e.g., arms crossed, standing, sitting, relaxed, tense),*Emotion of the sender and receiver (e.g., yelling, speaking provocatively, enthusiastic)*Other connections between the people (e.g., friends, enemies, professional similarities or differences, personal similarities or differences, age similarities or differences, philosophical similarities or differences, attitudes, expectations). In other words, WHAT you say is not nearly as important as HOW you say it! More About: Communication
Guidelines of communication
2008-02-11 12:29:00 Guidelines of communication Have a positive attitude about communication. Defensiveness interferes with Communication Be an active listener and do not answer until the other person has finished talkingBe slow to speak. Think first about what you are going to say and how it may soundDo not use silence to frustrate the other person. Explain why you are hesitant to talk at this timeDo not get involved in blame-game or name calling. It possible to disagree with having conflictListen without thinking about what you will say next. Take time before you respondDo not be invested in being right. Being right is not the point. If you must be right, you are able to neither listen nor communicate because you have set up a barrier already. If you are always right that means the other person is always wrong. That cannot be true.If your mind wanders, ask for repetition. We all are subject to distraction. Try to stay focusedIn all cases repeat back what you heard and ask if it is correctWork at... More About: Guidelines
Effective Communication Skills
2008-02-11 11:58:00 Communication is not only conveying or sharing our ideas, thoughts or feelings, however it?s about having those ideas, thoughts, and feelings understood by the people we are talking with. So communication has to be effective which also involves feedback. As without feedback, there would be no way of knowing if meaning has been shared or if understanding has taken place.The ability to speak clearly and concisely, and to convey information or articulate an opinion is essential for every job. Communication is reflection of our professionalism, our intellect, our preparedness, and our character. Communication is not an isolated series of only one skill. It involves several other skills. The ability to effectively communicate is a critical skills and it involves the following skills:Language skillsWriting Skills Listening SkillsSoft skills Effective Verbal CommunicationVerbal communication requires the use of words, vocabulary, numbers and symbols and is organized in sentences using la... More About: Communication
barriers of Communication
2008-02-11 11:44:00 No matter how good the communication system in an organisation is, unfortunately barriers can and do often occur. This may be caused by a number of factors which can usually be summarised as being due to physical barriers, system design faults or additional barriers.Have you ever been talking to some one and they misunderstood what you were saying? Or have you ever faced a situation of miscommunication?Why do you think that happens?This happens because of barriers in communication process. Anything which blocks the meaning of a communication is a barrier to communication. Barriers keep us from understanding other?s ideas and thoughts. Barriers can appear at any point of communication loop. What Are Barriers To Communication ?Barriers to communication are things people say or do that are obstacles to good conversation or good interpersonal interaction. They are hurdles that do not bring discussion satisfaction. They are high-risk responses who impact on communication is frequently neg...
Characteristics of Communication
2008-02-11 11:40:00 Characteristics of Communication 1. Communication is Inevitable (unavoidable)2. Communication Operates at Two Levels (content and relational)3. Communication is Irreversible4. Communication is a Process5. Communication is not a (panacea) Cure-all (a remedy for all ills)6. In Communication Everything Effects Everything Else A communication system has 5 main components. All of which function together to create a helpful and create an operational system that properly communicates. A Data Source : This where the data is originally made or sent from. An example of this could be a networked computer. The Data Source then sends the data to the Transmitter: This is where the data is encoded into a form useful for the transmission medium to send. The Transmitter sends the data along the Transmission Medium to a Receiver: There the data will be decoded from the form that it was sent in. This will enable the Destination to read the data in the correct format. The Destination: This...
Types of Communication
2008-02-11 11:13:00 Types of Communication Verbal CommunicationOralWrittenE-mail Nonverbal CommunicationExpressionExpressive behaviorsBody language Verbal Communication: The basis of communication is the interaction between people. Verbal communication is one way for people to communicate face-to-face. Some of the key components of verbal communication are sound, words, speaking, and language. Oral Communication: Communication skills include the mix of verbal, interpersonal and physical strategies needed to interact confidently and effectively with a range of audiences. A skilful communicator draws on a number of different means (e.g., graphical, visual, statistical, audio-visual and technological) to get the point across. Effective oral communication skills help students to: improve their own academic performance;increase their employment options;enhance their subsequent professional competence; andimprove their own personal effectiveness. Written Communication : Communication through words may b... More About: Types |
 |
|
 |
