Federal Construction Contracting BlogFederal Construction Contracting BlogThe purpose of this blog is to give the construction industry the benefit of our insights about the latest developments in federal construction contracting. 
Articles
Compulsory E-Verify Program for Federal Contractors Starts September 8, 200
2009-09-04 18:27:00 By: Michael H. Payne and Craig A. Schroeder Effective September 8, 2009, federal contractors awarded new contracts of $100,000 or more with a performance period of longer than 120 days will be required to use E-Verify, an internet-based system that allows employers to electronically verify the employment eligibility of their newly hired employees. In addition, affected contractors will also be required to confirm the employment eligibility of their current employees who perform contract services for the federal government within the United States. The contractor and any covered subcontractors on the project are required to enroll in the E-Verify program within 30 calendar days of the contract or subcontract award date. The rule only covers subcontractors if a prime contract includes the E-Verify clause (73 FR 67704, available at http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/ht ml/52_222.html#wp1156645). For subcontracts that flow from those prime contracts, th... More About: Program , Contractors
Website for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Reporting Now Ope
2009-08-18 22:33:00 In an earlier blog we discussed what the ARRA meant for Federal Construction Contractors, and noted that the reporting would be over the internet, once the government had its website up and running. On Monday, August 17, 2009, recipients of economic stimulus funds were notified that they now can access the website www.federalreporting.gov and register. Registration is necessary before the site will permit recipients to file reports, which begins on October 1, 2009. In addition to completing the registration process on the website, recipients also must obtain a Federal Reporting Personal Identification Number (FRPIN). Instructions on how to obtain a FRPIN can be found at http://www.recovery.gov/?q=content/recipi ent-reporting. The Government has published a 32 page guide to assist recipients in the registration process. The government has indicated that anyone interested in reviewing the reports filed by recipients of Stimulus funding will be able to do so beginning on October 11, 200... More About: Website , Recovery , American
Federal Green Construction and the Stimulus Act
2009-08-04 18:16:00 By: Lane F. Kelman and Christopher Soper As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the "Stimulus Act") the General Services Administration's ("GSA") Public Building Service was authorized to invest 4.5 billion dollars to transform federal facilities into exemplary, high-performance green buildings. The allocated money is scheduled to be awarded in its entirety within the next two (2) years. A list of proposed projects in all fifty states has already been submitted to Congress. These designated projects are intended to improve energy efficiency, conserve resources over the long-term, provide models of high-performance green design and reduce the government's reliance on costly operating leases. While the government's attempt to transition to high-performance green buildings is a noble goal, it presents federal contractors with a unique set of challenges. Federal contractors interested in these green construction projects should be prepared... More About: Green , Construction
Government Held Responsible for "Utter Silence"
2009-08-03 22:54:00 An Armed Services Board case, ADT Construction Group, Inc., involves an appeal from a contracting officer's final decision denying a claim for $826,725.16 and a 278-day time extension. The contractor had filed a claim for pre-construction delays arising out of a contract for the design and construction of a munitions maintenance facility at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. Although the contract in question was ultimately terminated for default and appealed to the Board (ASBCA No. 55358), the termination appeal was suspended pending the outcome of the appeal on the underlying delay claim. The Board obviously concluded that the merits of the underlying delay claim could have an effect on the merits of the termination for default. Although the Board found that some of the delay was the fault and responsibility of the Government , we were particularly interested in the Board's conclusion about the contractor's right to pursue "fast track." After drafting the solicitation the g... More About: Silence
Corps of Engineers Announces Recovery Act Projects
2009-07-24 22:05:00 The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has posted the Civil Works projects that it intends to fund from the appropriations Congress provided in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-5) on its website. In order to spend its $5 billion slice of the $787 billion stimulus pie, the Corps selected approximately 178 Construction projects and 892 Operation and Maintenance projects, nine Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) projects. These projects or useful increments of these projects will be completed with stimulus funding. The only state that is not slated to receive any stimulus projects is Wyoming, because no eligible work on any ongoing Civil Works activity was presently available. The Corps applied the selection criteria which largely revolved around contracts that could be awarded and completed quickly. The wide geographic distribution of selected projects spreads the employment and other economic benefits across the United States and a... More About: Projects
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009: What it Means for Feder
2009-05-16 16:33:00 Co-authored by Michael H. Payne and Craig A. Schroeder On February 17, 2009, the President signed Public Law 111-5, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (also known as “ARRA,” the “Recovery Act,” and the “Stimulus Act”), including a number of provisions to be implemented in Federal Government contracts. The Recovery Act’s purposes are to stimulate the economy and to create and retain jobs. The Act gives preference to activities that can be started and completed expeditiously, including a goal of using at least 50 percent of the funds made available by it for activities that can be initiated not later than June 17, 2009. An Interim Rule issued on March 31, 2009, implements section 1512, which is also known as the ``Jobs Accountability Act.'' Subsection (c) of section 1512 requires contractors that receive awards (or modifications to existing awards) funded, in whole or in part, by the Recovery Act to report q...
Department of Defense Expenditure Plan Provides Tremendous Opportunities fo
2009-03-25 10:13:00 Although many aspects of our economy are suffering, the federal construction market will most certainly be booming. On Friday March 20, 2009, the Department of Defense issued a 191 page Report to Congress detailing how it plans to spend the money it has received as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, also known as the “Stimulus Package.” The DoD has “identified specific investments in construction, facility improvements, and energy efficiency projects that will help improve the quality of life for our troops and their families.” Included in the Report is a very detailed breakdown of how the money will be spent. For each project anticipated, the included spreadsheet provides cost, a brief description of the work, and the project location The Recovery Act includes approximately $7.4 billion in Defense-related appropriations, which accounts for less than 1 percent of the total $787 billion stimulus package. The Departmen... More About: Opportunities , Plan
Obama Issues Memorandum Ordering Reduced Wastefulness in the Federal Procur
2009-03-10 14:34:00 On February 18, the Office of Management and Budget (“OMB”) director Peter Orszag issued guidance to agencies regarding the administration of federal Stimulus funds. Just this past week, on March 4, President Obama signed a memorandum designed to reform federal government contracting. These directives mark the beginning of reform in the world of government contracting, and reflect the greater accountability and transparency the new administration promises to American taxpayers. The OMB memo requires agencies to submit spending and performance data to the new website http://www.recovery.gov on a regular basis. The website is a web portal that demonstrates exactly how the Stimulus funds are being spent, and it calls itself the “centerpiece” of efforts to implement the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act with “accountability and transparency.” In a video message to Americans on the website, President Obama pledges greater accountability and transp... More About: Issues
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and Its Impact on Federa
2009-02-18 06:26:00 Since President Barack Obama was inaugurated last month, he has initiated many changes which will impact federal contracting: first, he issued an executive order requiring a successor vendor on a services contract to offer a preceding contractor’s employees jobs under the new contract; second, in another executive order, he encouraged the use of project labor agreements to ensure that federal work would not be disturbed by “labor unrest” (see earlier blog article); and, in a third order, he prohibited contractors from passing along the costs of supporting or fighting their employees’ exercise of the right to unionize or bargain collectively. Today President Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act into law, a statute more commonly referred to as the “Stimulus Bill.” The total amount of the stimulus is approximately $787 billion and it promises great potential for more federal construction contracting work. &n...
Corps of Engineers Issues New Safety Manual
2009-02-17 14:02:00 The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , through its Office of Safety and Occupational Health, has released a new edition of the Corps’ Safety and Health Requirements Manual , EM 385-1-1, that streamlines information for easier access and quicker use. According to the Corps, “The safety manual is a major key to the success of the USACE safety program.” The 1,050 page book is used during construction, operations, maintenance, research The manual was last revised in 2003, and the 2008 version parallels Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations and other national standards. It deviates from these standards only when research and/or accident experience deem it necessary. The new manual went into effect Jan. 12 and can be downloaded by clicking on this link. It is also available in bid packages and from the Government Printing Office for about $27 a copy. Improvements in formatting and layout allow users of the manual to... More About: Issues
Use of Project Labor Agreements Encouraged in Executive Order Issued by Pre
2009-02-10 23:58:00 On February 6, 2009, President Obama issued an Executive Order encouraging agencies to use Project Labor Agreements ("PLAs") in federal construction projects with a total cost to the Government of $25 million or more. The purpose of the Order is to avoid some of the problems which typically arise during the completion of such large projects causing various delays in their timely completion. "Project Labor Agreements" are defined as, "pre-hire collective bargaining agreement with one or more labor organizations that establishes the terms and conditions of employment for a specific construction project and is an agreement described in 29 U.S.C. 158(f)." Title 29 governs the relationship between management and labor as well as national labor relations and section 158 governs unfair labor practices. While the Order is effective immediately, the FAR Council has been given 120 days-until June 6, 2009-to take "whatever action is re... More About: Executive Order
Early Contractor Involvement - Another Experiment by the Corps of Engineers
2009-02-07 00:04:00 In recent years, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has attempted to employ "innovative" contracting methods but, in doing so, has often limited the number of contractors who have had the opportunity to perform major construction projects. One of the justifications for these “innovative” methods has been that there will be a reduction in the administrative workload resulting in a "savings" for the government. As a result, it seemed as though fewer solicitations were being issued using the sealed bidding procedures in FAR Part 14, with a corresponding increase in the procurement of construction under FAR Part 15, Contracting by Negotiation. Construction contractors began to find that competition was no longer based on price alone, but on subjective factors as well, such as past performance, technical ability, or client satisfaction. Of course, even though these procurements were purportedly “negotiated,” the instances ... More About: Experiment , Early
The Importance of Proposal Preparation in Responding to an RFP
2009-01-14 21:02:00 As the government has expanded its uses of Contracting by Negotiation through the issuance of RFPs ("Requests for Proposal s"), as opposed to Sealed Bidding and the issuance of IFBs ("Invitations for Bid"), contractors have had to adapt to this new way of doing business. All too often, a perfectly capable contractor is not selected for award, even though its price was the lower than its competitors, because it failed to adequately address the evaluation factors listed in the solicitation. A recent decision by the GAO in the Matter of Capitol Drywall Supply, Inc. ("CDS"), decided on January 12, 2009, highlights the difficulty that a contractor faces when the agency and the GAO conclude that a proposal misses the mark. The proposal by CDS was one of six submitted to the Corps of Engineers, and was the second lowest in price. The problem, however, was that CDS was rated as the lowest on the technical merit evaluation factor due, primarily,... More About: Preparation
Government Postpones E-Verify Requirement
2009-01-13 10:59:00 The Department of Homeland Security has postponed the start date of the E-verify requirement (please see our earlier article). The new rule will go into effect no earlier than Friday February 20, 2008. Proponents of the new rule insist that the rule remains intact with as much legal force as before and that it is only being postponed. Opponents of the new rule hope that the delay will allow the Obama administration ample time to evaluate the impact it could have on the world of government contracting. More About: Government
Corps of Engineers and EPA Roll Back Definition of "Discharge of Dredged Ma
2009-01-10 16:57:00 For over twenty years, the federal government and private industry, including contractors, mining companies, developers and builders, have debated the extent to which land clearing and dredging activities should be regulated. Since the 1970's, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have regulated the discharge of pollutants into the waters of the United States under 33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq., [the Clean Water Act]. Section 404 of the Act includes the discharge of dredged or fill materials as a regulated activity, and the Corps, by issuance of Section 404 permits, has regulated excavation activities in navigable waters and wetlands. In the 1980's, "discharge of dredged material" was not considered by the agencies to include the “de minimis incidental soil movement that occurs during normal dredging.” In the early 1990's, the Corps and EPA redefined the term to include the redeposit of dredged mate... More About: Roll , Back , Definition
Department of Homeland Security Sued Over E-Verify Requirement
2009-01-01 00:32:00 In November, 2008, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) implemented a new rule through the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) that would force companies doing business with the federal government to clear their workers through a verification database. This database is called E-Verify and it electronically confirms whether a new hire is in the United States legally and therefore eligible to work on a federal project. It works by comparing the name of the queried worker against submitted I-9 forms - the Social Security Administration’s paper based means of verifying worker status - and the DHS’s 60 million records of immigrants. Currently participation in E-Verify is voluntary. According to the October 23, 2008 DHS press release, over 92,000 employers have used E-Verify, with nearly 7 million queries made in Fiscal Year 2008, and 450,000 queries so far in Fiscal Year 2009. In 96% of the queries made, the worker is deemed eligible to w... More About: Homeland Security , Department of Homeland Security
The Right of Contractors to Challenge Unfair Performance Evaluations is Fur
2008-12-26 10:06:00 We recently reported (see our earlier blog article) the decision of the United States Court of Federal Claims in BLR Group of America, Inc. v. United States, issued on November 25, 2008, in which the Court opened the door to contractor challenges of unfair or incorrect performance evaluations. Coming literally on the heels of the BLR case, the Court issued another decision on December 9, 2008, Todd Construction Co., Inc. v. United States, denying a government motion to dismiss and holding that the Court had the jurisdiction to consider a challenge to a contracting officer’s decision regarding a contractor’s performance evaluation. The Court held that Todd had submitted a “claim” within the meaning of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 because, on March 22, 2006, the Government issued its proposed final evaluations of Todd’s work, and on April 20, 2006, Todd submitted its comments protesting those evaluations. The Government issued final... More About: Performance , Challenge , Unfair , Contractors
The Right of Contractors to Challenge Unfair Performance Evaluations is Fur
2008-12-26 10:06:00 We recently reported (see our earlier blog article) the decision of the United States Court of Federal Claims in BLR Group of America, Inc. v. United States, issued on November 25, 2008, in which the Court opened the door to contractor challenges of unfair or incorrect performance evaluations. Coming literally on the heels of the BLR case, the Court issued another decision on December 9, 2008, Todd Construction Co., Inc. v. United States, denying a government motion to dismiss and holding that the Court had the jurisdiction to consider a challenge to a contracting officer’s decision regarding a contractor’s performance evaluation. The Court held that Todd had submitted a “claim” within the meaning of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 because, on March 22, 2006, the Government issued its proposed final evaluations of Todd’s work, and on April 20, 2006, Todd submitted its comments protesting those evaluations. The Government issued final... More About: Performance , Challenge , Unfair , Contractors
GAO Rules that the VA Failed to Conduct Meaningful Discussions
2008-12-15 22:07:00 A decision just published by the Government Accountability Office ("GAO"), Matter of Burchick Construction Co., mpany, involved a request for proposals issued by the Department of Veteran Affairs ("VA") for the construction of an ambulatory care center . After receiving five proposals and evaluating the technical evaluation factors, the VA conducted discussions with the offerors that only addressed their price proposals. The VA determined that the offeror providing the best value was Massaro Corporation at a firm fixed price of $38,530,000. Burchick Construction Company, whose price proposal of $36,686,000 was the lowest price offered, challenged the award of the contract to Massaro. During the evaluation of technical proposals, the VA had determined that Burchick's proposal contained "weaknesses" in a number of factors, including past performance, identification of key personnel, and small business particip... More About: Rules , Meaningful
GAO Rules that the VA Failed to Conduct Meaningful Discussions
2008-12-15 22:07:00 A decision just published by the Government Accountability Office ("GAO"), Matter of Burchick Construction Co., mpany, involved a request for proposals issued by the Department of Veteran Affairs ("VA") for the construction of an ambulatory care center . After receiving five proposals and evaluating the technical evaluation factors, the VA conducted discussions with the offerors that only addressed their price proposals. The VA determined that the offeror providing the best value was Massaro Corporation at a firm fixed price of $38,530,000. Burchick Construction Company, whose price proposal of $36,686,000 was the lowest price offered, challenged the award of the contract to Massaro. During the evaluation of technical proposals, the VA had determined that Burchick's proposal contained "weaknesses" in a number of factors, including past performance, identification of key personnel, and small business particip... More About: Rules , Meaningful
Court of Federal Claims Decision Paves the Way for Contractors to Challenge
2008-12-12 13:45:00 In an interesting decision issued by the United States Court of Federal Claims on November 25, 2008, in a case entitled BLR Group of America, Inc. vs. United States, the Court ruled that it had jurisdiction to consider a contractor’s claim that a Contractor Performance Assessment Report (“CPAR”) was “false and highly prejudicial.” The case arose because the Air Force had assigned a final performance rating of “Marginal” to the contractor in several categories, and had refused to amend the rating pursuant to a rebuttal presented by the contractor. Instead, the Air Force disseminated the rating by posting it on the Past Performance Informational Retrieval System (“PPIRS”), a database of performance ratings accessed by contracting officers while making contractor responsibility determinations and while conducting past performance evaluations during the source selection process on negotiated procurements. At a time whe... More About: Decision , Challenge , Contractors
Court of Federal Claims Decision Paves the Way for Contractors to Challenge
2008-12-12 13:45:00 In an interesting decision issued by the United States Court of Federal Claims on November 25, 2008, in a case entitled BLR Group of America, Inc. vs. United States, the Court ruled that it had jurisdiction to consider a contractor’s claim that a Contractor Performance Assessment Report (“CPAR”) was “false and highly prejudicial.” The case arose because the Air Force had assigned a final performance rating of “Marginal” to the contractor in several categories, and had refused to amend the rating pursuant to a rebuttal presented by the contractor. Instead, the Air Force disseminated the rating by posting it on the Past Performance Informational Retrieval System (“PPIRS”), a database of performance ratings accessed by contracting officers while making contractor responsibility determinations and while conducting past performance evaluations during the source selection process on negotiated procurements. At a time whe... More About: Decision , Challenge , Contractors
Department of Justice Adds Teeth to Current Contractor Ethics Rules
2008-11-14 23:51:00 This has been a banner year for ethics in government contracting. This intense focus on integrity and honesty in business is evident in the evolution of the rules of the game-the Federal Acquisition Regulation. Just last December, changes to the FAR mandated contractors to “conduct themselves with the highest degree of integrity and honesty” and to document how they planned to achieve this standard in a Code of Business Ethics and Conduct (see our January 2008 blog article). In addition, the requirements for contractors were stepped up to include prominently displayed hotline posters to facilitate the reporting of violations. Before the initial changes were passed, public comments were sought regarding the proposed legislation. Review of these comments revealed two paramount concerns: the exemption of foreign contracts, and the exemption of contracts for the acquisition of commercial goods. The first of these was addressed in April whe... More About: Justice , Department , Current , Teeth
Department of Justice Adds Teeth to Current Contractor Ethics Rules
2008-11-14 23:51:00 This has been a banner year for ethics in government contracting. This intense focus on integrity and honesty in business is evident in the evolution of the rules of the game-the Federal Acquisition Regulation. Just last December, changes to the FAR mandated contractors to “conduct themselves with the highest degree of integrity and honesty” and to document how they planned to achieve this standard in a Code of Business Ethics and Conduct (see our January 2008 blog article). In addition, the requirements for contractors were stepped up to include prominently displayed hotline posters to facilitate the reporting of violations. Before the initial changes were passed, public comments were sought regarding the proposed legislation. Review of these comments revealed two paramount concerns: the exemption of foreign contracts, and the exemption of contracts for the acquisition of commercial goods. The first of these was addressed in April whe... More About: Justice , Department , Current , Teeth
GAO Sustains Boeing's Aerial Refueling Tanker Protest and Cites Significant
2008-06-19 16:25:00 The GAO announced yesterday that it had decided to sustain Boeing ’s protest of the Air Force’s selection of Northrop Grumman (who included the European company Airbus on its team) over Boeing for the $40 billion aerial tanker contract - a contract that could ultimately be worth $100 billion. Considering the GAO’s history of denying most of the protests that come before it, today’s outcome is likely a surprise to the many who expected the Office to stand behind the Air Force’s source selection. The much-discussed dispute has been waging since March 11, 2008 when Boeing filed its protest. Prior to this award, Boeing had been the Air Force’s only supplier of this type of aircraft for fifty years. The actual sixty-nine page decision was filed under a protective order and has not yet been released. A public version will be made available once all interested parties review it and identify all sensitive information ... More About: Protest , Tanker
GAO Sustains Boeing's Aerial Refueling Tanker Protest and Cites Significant
2008-06-19 16:25:00 The GAO announced yesterday that it had decided to sustain Boeing ’s protest of the Air Force’s selection of Northrop Grumman (who included the European company Airbus on its team) over Boeing for the $40 billion aerial tanker contract - a contract that could ultimately be worth $100 billion. Considering the GAO’s history of denying most of the protests that come before it, today’s outcome is likely a surprise to the many who expected the Office to stand behind the Air Force’s source selection. The much-discussed dispute has been waging since March 11, 2008 when Boeing filed its protest. Prior to this award, Boeing had been the Air Force’s only supplier of this type of aircraft for fifty years. The actual sixty-nine page decision was filed under a protective order and has not yet been released. A public version will be made available once all interested parties review it and identify all sensitive information ... More About: Protest , Tanker
Cumulative Impact Claim Allowed by the United States Court of Federal Claim
2008-04-30 14:47:00 In a decision issued on April 21, 2008, Bell BCI Company v, United States , the United States Court of Federal Claims issued a decision that can only be described as a “slam dunk” for the contractor. The case arose from the construction of a laboratory building at the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) in Bethesda, Maryland. Approximately nine months into construction, NIH decided to add a new floor to the building. NIH issued more than 200 contract modifications that delayed the completion of the project by 19-1/2 months, and increased the contract price by $21.4 million, or 34 percent. The prime contractor, Bell BCI Company (“Bell”), received payment for performing most of the changed work, but asserted an impact claim for the cumulative effect of the changes on Bell’s overall performance. The decision includes a number of conclusions of law that will be very interesting to contractors who face unwarranted de... More About: The United States
Cumulative Impact Claim Allowed by the United States Court of Federal Claim
2008-04-30 14:47:00 In a decision issued on April 21, 2008, Bell BCI Company v, United States , the United States Court of Federal Claims issued a decision that can only be described as a “slam dunk” for the contractor. The case arose from the construction of a laboratory building at the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) in Bethesda, Maryland. Approximately nine months into construction, NIH decided to add a new floor to the building. NIH issued more than 200 contract modifications that delayed the completion of the project by 19-1/2 months, and increased the contract price by $21.4 million, or 34 percent. The prime contractor, Bell BCI Company (“Bell”), received payment for performing most of the changed work, but asserted an impact claim for the cumulative effect of the changes on Bell’s overall performance. The decision includes a number of conclusions of law that will be very interesting to contractors who face unwarranted de... More About: The United States
House Votes to Close Code of Ethics Loophole on Contracts Performed Outside
2008-04-24 04:38:00 The requirement found at FAR 52,203-13 was implemented on December 24, 2007 and requires any contractor who is awarded a contract in excess of $5 million to have a written Code of Business Ethics and Conduct within thirty days after award. Large business firms must also implement a training and compliance program within ninety days (see our earlier blog article for additional information). The requirements, however, did not apply to contracts that were to be performed outside of the United States. This “exemption” for foreign projects has now received the attention of the U.S. House of representatives.As reported today by the Associated Press, the House has voted to close a multibillion-dollar loophole in a crackdown on contract fraud, approving plans to force the Bush administration to act within six months. At issue is a Bush administration rule requiring government contractors to report misuse of taxpayer dollars to the Justice Department. The rule, as... More About: Close , Contracts
House Votes to Close Code of Ethics Loophole on Contracts Performed Outside
More articles from this author:2008-04-24 04:38:00 The requirement found at FAR 52.203-13 was implemented on December 24, 2007 and requires any contractor who is awarded a contract in excess of $5 million to have a written Code of Business Ethics and Conduct within thirty days after award. Large business firms must also implement a training and compliance program within ninety days (see our earlier blog article for additional information). The requirements, however, did not apply to contracts that were to be performed outside of the United States. This “exemption” for foreign projects has now received the attention of the U.S. House of representatives.As reported today by the Associated Press, the House has voted to close a multibillion-dollar loophole in a crackdown on contract fraud, approving plans to force the Bush administration to act within six months. At issue is a Bush administration rule requiring government contractors to report misuse of taxpayer dollars to the Justice Department. The rule, as... More About: Close , Contracts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
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