Recurrent Depression

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Upcoming yearly observance highlights teen dating violence
2007-02-01 11:26:02
February may evoke thoughts of the hearts, flowers and romance surrounding Valentine’s Day. However, for the second year the U.S. Senate has designated the week of Feb. 5 as Teen Violence Awareness and Prevention Week. Teen violence is a significant problem often not recognized by teens, parents, teachers and others who have daily contact with adolescents. According to the American Bar Assn., about one in five female high school students report being physically and/or sexually abused by a dating partner, and teens have a higher risk of intimate partner abuse than adults. 
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TFC program provides loving homes to special needs children
2007-02-01 11:26:02
Kennedy Krieger’s Therapeutic Family Care (TFC) program is providing loving homes to children with special needs. There is a range of services for the children that require temporary or permanent out-of-home placement. Since 1986, TFC has served more than 100 children each year and more than 56 that have been referred to TFC have been adopted, 41 of them by their foster parents.
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What memories are made of
2007-01-04 05:05:03
Researcher uses a comparative approach to study plasticity of recall Why is it that amnesia patients can’t remember their names or addresses, but they do remember how to hold a fork? It’s because memories come in many flavors, says Fred Helmstetter, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM). Remembering what is not the same as remembering how. “Different circuits in the brain are activated when you remember what you had for breakfast this morning versus when you fell off a bicycle in second grade,” says Helmstetter, who researches the brain’s regulation of memories, emotions and learning.
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Binge drinking, gender and clinical depression
2007-01-04 05:05:03
* Alcohol consumption and depression have a complicated relationship. * New findings indicate that depression is primarily related to binge drinking. * The relationship between major clinical depression and alcohol consumption appears to be stronger for women than it is for men. * However, men and women do not differ in the relationship between alcohol use and depression when depression is measured as recent feelings of depression or unhappiness.
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Panic Attacks Hinder Diabetics
2006-12-24 04:57:07
Psychosocial issues accompanying the diagnosis of diabetes may compromise an individual’s ability to manage the disease leading to more severe health complications and a poorer quality of life. Early identification and treatment of psychological issues such as panic disorder, depression, anxiety and personality disorders that may accompany the diagnosis of a chronic disease can significantly improve quality of life.
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Bipolar moms face extra struggles
2006-12-24 04:57:07
Most new parents pine for a full night’s uninterrupted sleep, but for mothers with bipolar disorder, infant-induced insomnia can shatter emotional equilibrium. “To this day, we go to bed at 8:30 p.m. and get up at the crack of dawn, but we get a full eight hours of sleep and that makes a great difference in our world,” said Monica, 35, the single mother of a 5-year-old girl, who asked that her last name not be used.
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Dominance and Our Interests
2006-12-19 16:54:02
Let me briefly discuss what I found to be among the most interesting findings of my depression research - the finding that ultimately resulted in the development of Personalized Depression Therapy. I began my research into depression by asking a large sample of individuals some survey questions. I made sure that I had a representative sample of persons who had never suffered a major depression and a representative sample of those who had. My objective was to see if I could pinpoint any meaningful differences between the two groups. 
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Is Depression There to "Protect" Us?
2006-12-19 16:54:02
It’s unthinkable - especially to a depressed person - that depression might actually be there to “protect” us. But that is exactly what my research suggests. Again, we must consider that, just as dominance and submission exist in us for a reason, something now as common as severe depression must also be serving some “protective” or “adaptive” function.  Well, here is the key: Inside of our instinctive capacity to submit lies the source of depression.
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Personalized Depression Therapy (PDT): Exactly What Do You D
2006-12-19 16:54:02
STEP ONE Complete the Submissive Activities Inventory (APPENDIX A). This inventory asks you to list all of your thoughts, behaviors, activities, etc. that you believe to be negative. Examples are: “thinking about being depressed”; “feeling insecure about my job, family, skills, abilities, etc.”; “feeling guilty about_____ “; “being unhappy about_____ “. Be as specific as you can in your answers. Remember that these are the issues that are triggering the depression response in your brain. These are the negative things that we do and the negative ways we think that must be replaced with more “dominant” patterns of thought and behavior.
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Personalized Depression Therapy: An Overview
2006-12-19 16:54:02
Let me summarize PDT and the principles on which it is based:  Personal ized Depression Therapy (PDT) is a new way to conceptualize and treat major depression. PDT works by replacing a “negative” set of thoughts and behaviors with a “positive” set. Simply, the goal of PDT is to replace things that trigger the depression response with things that don’t. PDT is based on the following principles: 
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A Closer Look at Interests
2006-12-19 16:54:02
One of the most fascinating areas of psychology is personality psychology. Psychologists have debated for years about exactly what defines a person’s personality. In particular, volumes of research have been written on the so called “trait” terms that we label ourselves and each other with.  For example, if I were to say that I’m “assertive” and “self-confident” or that I’m “shy” and “withdrawn”, I would be using trait terms. We all use these terms, and many others, constantly. And we think we know what they mean. It’s a problem, though, when we try to match up specific behaviors with specific trait terms. The association is usually pretty low.  For instance, exactly what behaviors is the word “shy” supposed to describe? Well, no two individuals seem to agree. In this case, as in others, the real value of the trait term is questionable.
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Depression and Intelligence
2006-12-19 16:54:02
Over the millennia, the human mind became increasingly self-analytical. We, as human beings, became accustomed to sitting around and just thinking about things. We could plan our aggression, for instance, perhaps delaying it to a later time. Or, in situations where we had to submit, we could sit around and brood and worry. We could wish evil things on our opponents, and increasingly, heap scorn and ridicule on ourselves for our weakness. 
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Our Inner Dialogues
2006-12-19 16:54:02
Depression is almost always the result of the negative “inner dialogues” we have with ourselves. An interesting pattern has emerged from my experimental and survey research into depression: Individuals rarely became severely depressed without engaging in highly submissive inner dialogues. These dialogues are familiar to all of us. They often involve guilt, where we say things to ourselves like: “I’m to blame for what went wrong,” or “It’s all my fault.” These dialogues can also involve thoughts of unrealistic despair, such as “It’s no use. Things will always turn out wrong.” Or: “My job situation or my family situation is hopeless.” Or: “People are always mistreating me.” Or: “I’ll never be able to accomplish anything.” Or: “I’m just of no use to myself or to anyone else.” Or, the dialogues can involve despair about the depression itself, like: “I&...
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Do We Learn to be Depressed?
2006-12-19 16:54:02
It’s important to remember how a human being - in fact how any organism - learns. For me, there’s a very simple answer to this question: We learn by practicing. The more we do something, the more we practice it, the better we get at it - and the less we have to think about it. We tend to think of practice in a positive sense - like practicing a sport. But we can also practice very negative things. The problem is, we keep getting better and better at those things, too. The same way we learn to drive a car or to play the pianoaein exactly the same way, we learn to be depressed. And for many of us, we learn to be severely depressed. 
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The Feeling Factor
2006-12-19 16:54:02
Idon’t believe severe depression would be possible if it were not for another important ingredient - the feeling factor. Dominance and submission also have “feelings” attached to them. Whether we’re behaving aggressively, or behaving with a lack of self-confidence, a certain feeling goes along with these behaviors. In other words, much of our thoughts and behaviors have unique emotions, feelings, or moods. At its most basic level, depression is all about feelings. When severely depressed persons are asked to describe their depression, a horrible feeling is the thing most often talked about. It is such a unique feeling, that words are virtually powerless to describe it. And, significantly, the words that are used to define the feeling of depression are always negative words: “hopeless”, “lost”, “empty”, etc.
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Who becomes depressed?
2006-12-16 16:52:03
Anyone can become depressed. Approximately one person in six experiences depression of some kind in the course of their lifetime and one in 20 experiences clinical depression. At any one time, about one in 10 people will have some symptoms of depression. Of course, people who are depressed do not always seek help and even if they do, they may not always be diagnosed as depressed, so these figures are only estimates. People from all backgrounds, ages and cultures can experience depression, although people vary in how they express their difficulties. For example, some people use words such as ‘sad’ or ‘low’ to describe feeling depressed, whereas other people describe their feelings in terms of their body, such as ‘a pain in my heart’.  In many Western countries women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with depression, this is partly because men are less likely to talk about problems in a way that allows their depression to be picked ...
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All About Depression - Conclusion
2006-12-16 16:52:03
Depression is a distressing experience but there are many kinds of help available. Sadly you may not always get the help you need, sometimes because you may feel too hopeless about your situation to ask. After reading this site you may like to discuss it with your GP or talk it through with family or friends. You may also like to contact one of the organisations or helplines listed below.  Remember that most people do recover from depression and there is a lot you can do to help yourself.
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What is depression?
2006-12-16 16:52:03
The word depression is used to describe a range of moods - from low spirits to a severe problem that interferes with everyday life. If you are experiencing severe or ‘clinical’ depression you are not just sad or upset. The experience of depression is an overwhelming feeling which can make you feel quite unable to cope, and hopeless about the future. If you are depressed your appetite may change and you may have difficulty sleeping or getting up. You may feel overwhelmed by guilt, and may even find yourself thinking about death or suicide. There is often an overlap between anxiety and depression, in that if you are depressed you may also become anxious or agitated. Sometimes it is difficult to decide whether you are responding normally to difficult times, or have become clinically depressed.
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Where to get help
2006-12-16 16:52:03
There are a number of places where you can go to get further help, as follows: General practitioners (GP): this is a good place to start.  Your GP can help you to find the right type of help.  This may include medication, or a referral to another agency for other forms of treatment such as ‘talking treatments’.  GP surgeries will also hold a range of leaflets and information about local services. 
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - Coping with severe depress
2006-12-16 16:52:03
ECT is a controversial treatment which is used for people with severe depression in an emergency (for example when someone has stopped eating) or for people who have not responded well to other treatments. The person receiving ECT is given an anaesthetic and drugs to relax their muscles. They then receive an electrical ‘shock’ to the brain, through electrodes placed on the head. Most people are given a series of ECT sessions. Some people say that ECT is very helpful in relieving their depression, although others have reported unpleasant experiences, including memory problems. There has been a lot of concern about the way ECT has been used, and clearer guidelines and standards have now been developed. ECT cannot be given without your consent, except in very special circumstances, for example when your life is at risk.
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How can people with depression get Help?
2006-12-16 16:52:03
The first step is to be honest with yourself: your sadness or unhappiness is interfering with your everyday life.  While relatives and friends can often help you through ‘bad patches’, severe depression needs professional help.  That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t tell people close to you what is going on if you can - it will help them to know, and their ongoing support can be very valuable. Some employers are sympathetic to those with mental health problems, although others may worry about the effects on your work and that you may need to take time off. 
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Coping with mild to moderate depression
2006-12-16 16:52:03
There are a number of things you can do for yourself which can help you cope with mild episodes of depression, or reduce your risk of becoming seriously depressed. Social Support Having someone to turn to for support is very important when coping with difficulties. Some people build up a strong network of friends and relatives whom they can talk to, but others may become isolated, particularly if they have no employment or other activity outside the home. People who are already depressed usually find it very difficult to be sociable, and this can make them feel worse. So having someone to support you in a crisis or when things are difficult can reduce your risk of becoming depressed.
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Are there different kinds of depression?
2006-12-16 16:52:03
The following are some specific types of depression which have been identified. Bipolar disorder (Manic depression) About one per cent of the population will experience bipolar disorder at some time in their lives. A diagnosis of bipolar disorder means that you have both ‘high’ and ‘low’ mood swings, along with changes in thoughts, emotions and physical health. The mood swings are normally more extreme than everyday ups and downs. This problem is sometimes also referred to as manic depression.  Most people with bipolar disorder have their first episode of depression in their late teens or early twenties, and without treatment it is very likely to recur.
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What causes depression?
2006-12-16 16:52:03
There are many possible causes of depression. You may have an increased risk of experiencing depression because of your particular biological make-up. On the other hand, depression is also related to what is happening in your life, and the kind of support you receive from others. Is depression inherited?
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Coping with severe depression - what works?
2006-12-16 16:52:03
i) Drug Treatment Anti-depressants Anti-depressant drugs act by increasing the activity of those brain chemicals which affect the way we feel. Anti-depressants help between 60 and 70 per cent of people with depression.
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Non-drug treatments
2006-12-16 16:52:03
Cognitive- Behaviour Therapy (CBT) CBT is a type of talking treatment. It is based on the fact that the way we feel is partly dependent on the way we think about events (cognition). It also stresses the importance of behaving in ways which challenge negative thoughts and unhelpful beliefs. CBT aims to help you examine some of the beliefs you hold about yourself, often as a result of early experiences - such as ‘I am worthless’.  Although it may sound like common sense, CBT is not just positive thinking. If you are depressed, a CBT therapist will carry out an individual assessment and use questions and exercises to help you see your situation in different ways and to build up coping skills. It is important that CBT is delivered by someone who has been properly trained, such as a clinical psychologist or specially trained nurse. You may also find it useful to have someone to help with the activities such as ‘homework’ exercises.
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How is depression diagnosed?
2006-12-16 16:52:03
Professionals look for the following key symptoms when deciding if you are depressed.
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Sleep Disorders Introduction
2006-11-21 20:21:02
The sleep disorders are organized into four major sections according to presumed etiology. Primary Sleep Disorders are those in which none of the etiologies listed below (i.e., another mental disorder, a general medical condition, or a substance) is responsible. Primary Sleep Disorders are presumed to arise from endogenous abnormalities in sleep-wake generating or timing mechanisms, often complicated by conditioning factors. Primary Sleep Disorders in turn are subdivided into Dyssomnias (characterized by abnormalities in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep) and Parasomnias (characterized by abnormal behavioral or physiological events occurring in association with sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep-wake transitions).
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Primary Insomnia
2006-11-21 20:21:02
Diagnostic Features The essential feature of Prima ry Insomnia is a complaint of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or of nonrestorative sleep that lasts for at least 1 month (Criterion A) and causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (Criterion B). The disturbance in sleep does not occur exclusively during the course of another sleep disorder (Criterion C) or mental disorder (Criterion D) and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition (Criterion E).
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Primary Sleep Disorders - Dyssomnias
2006-11-21 20:21:02
Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. This section includes Primary Insomnia, Primary Hypersomnia, Narcolepsy, Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder, Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, and Dyssomnia Not Otherwise Specified.
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