Recurrent Depression

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Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology Explained
2007-03-02 05:49:02
"Neuropsychiatry” has become a popular term that has been appropriated by large numbers of psychiatrists who have in common the belief that the brain is the organ of behavior. Neuropsychiatrists share the theory that biological processes, including cognition, mood, memory, speech, and language, underlie consciousness. This is distinct from behavioral neurology, which appeared historically as a lesion-oriented field, distinct from psychiatry.
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Negative Symptoms and HIV/AIDS Risk-Behavior Knowledge in Schizophrenia
2007-03-02 05:49:02
Schizophrenia sufferers have been demonstrated to have relatively poor HIV/AIDS risk-behavior knowledge and, as a group, are found to be particularly vulnerable to contracting HIV. The authors asked whether an association could be demonstrated between specific symptoms and differing levels of knowledge. A structured clinical interview and HIV/AIDS Risk Questionnaires were administered to 102 subjects, and a principal-component analysis was performed for global and individual items, followed by comparisons between factors. Three factors (negative, positive, and global thought-disorder) emerged as significant between poor HIV/AIDS risk-behavior knowledge and higher negative-symptom scores. Findings support the notion that existing educational programs should be adapted to target specific areas of deficit. 
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Depressive Symptoms, Smoking, Drinking, and Quality of Life Among Head and
2007-03-02 05:49:02
The authors examined the relationship between depressive symptoms, smoking, problem drinking, and quality of life among 973 head and neck cancer patients who were surveyed and had their charts audited. Forty-six percent screened positive for depressive symptoms, 30% smoked, and 16% screened positive for problem drinking. Controlling for clinical and demographic variables, linear-regression analyses showed that depressive symptoms had a strong negative association with all 12 quality-of-life scales; smoking had a negative association on all but one of the quality-of-life scales; and problem drinking was not associated with any of the quality-of-life scales. Interventions targeting depression, smoking, and problem drinking need to be integrated into oncology clinics.
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Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case of Diagnostic Confu
2007-02-27 05:47:01
A Secret Service agent recently asked if I was familiar with a 1992 FBI report that almost half of the killers of law enforcement officers met the criteria for antisocial personality. I replied that I had not seen the report but that the finding did not seem surprising or noteworthy to me. My comment was based on the assumption that the report had used antisocial personality as a synonym for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), a category listed in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and applicable to the majority of criminals.
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FDA Orders ADHD Drug Advisories for Patients
2007-02-27 05:47:01
The FDA has ordered all drugs approved for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to carry guides to inform patients about the potential for cardiovascular risks and adverse psychiatric symptoms. “Medicines approved for the treatment of ADHD have real benefits for many patients but they may have serious risks as well,” said Steven Galson, M.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 
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Psychotherapy for BPD Gets Growing Evidence Base
2007-02-17 05:40:02
Schema therapy, which has been described as “CBT with a psychodynamic component,” is the newest of the psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder. Psycho therapy is emerging in randomized, controlled trials within the last year as the most effective treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD).
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Mental Illness Risk in New Moms Rises in Weeks After Giving Birth
2007-02-17 05:40:02
A population-based study of people in Denmark shows an increased risk of psychiatric problems during the first three months of the postpartum period. For new mothers, the time between 10 and 19 days is of particular concern. New mothers are at an increased risk for experiencing psychiatric disorders, especially during the first weeks following delivery, according to a population-based study conducted in Denmark and published in the December 6, 2006, Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Boehringer Ingelheim’s continuing commitment to research in Parkinson
2007-02-10 05:34:03
Boehringer Ingelheim announced today first results of a pan-European study1 investigating the importance and relevance of depressive symptoms in Parkinson ’s disease (PD). These first study findings clearly show that depressive symptoms of PD are highly prevalent. Depressive symptoms were observed in 27 percent of the 1023 PD patients studied, of which as many as 64 percent received therapy for their depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, the study further concludes that despite being treated with a variety of antidepressants, 39 percent of the patient group continue to experience sustained depressive symptoms. ‘Pramipexole in Parkinson’s disease: bringing a decade of patient experience to the focus of future research’ was the topic of focus at today’s event sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim, where early results of the study were announced. To mark a decade of extensive research with pramipexole in Parkinson’s disease, the session was opened by Dr Al...
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Upcoming yearly observance highlights teen dating violence
2007-02-01 11:26:02
February may evoke thoughts of the hearts, flowers and romance surrounding Valentine’s Day. However, for the second year the U.S. Senate has designated the week of Feb. 5 as Teen Violence Awareness and Prevention Week. Teen violence is a significant problem often not recognized by teens, parents, teachers and others who have daily contact with adolescents. According to the American Bar Assn., about one in five female high school students report being physically and/or sexually abused by a dating partner, and teens have a higher risk of intimate partner abuse than adults. 
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TFC program provides loving homes to special needs children
2007-02-01 11:26:02
Kennedy Krieger’s Therapeutic Family Care (TFC) program is providing loving homes to children with special needs. There is a range of services for the children that require temporary or permanent out-of-home placement. Since 1986, TFC has served more than 100 children each year and more than 56 that have been referred to TFC have been adopted, 41 of them by their foster parents.
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Binge drinking, gender and clinical depression
2007-01-04 05:05:03
* Alcohol consumption and depression have a complicated relationship. * New findings indicate that depression is primarily related to binge drinking. * The relationship between major clinical depression and alcohol consumption appears to be stronger for women than it is for men. * However, men and women do not differ in the relationship between alcohol use and depression when depression is measured as recent feelings of depression or unhappiness.
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What memories are made of
2007-01-04 05:05:03
Researcher uses a comparative approach to study plasticity of recall Why is it that amnesia patients can’t remember their names or addresses, but they do remember how to hold a fork? It’s because memories come in many flavors, says Fred Helmstetter, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM). Remembering what is not the same as remembering how. “Different circuits in the brain are activated when you remember what you had for breakfast this morning versus when you fell off a bicycle in second grade,” says Helmstetter, who researches the brain’s regulation of memories, emotions and learning.
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Bipolar moms face extra struggles
2006-12-24 04:57:07
Most new parents pine for a full night’s uninterrupted sleep, but for mothers with bipolar disorder, infant-induced insomnia can shatter emotional equilibrium. “To this day, we go to bed at 8:30 p.m. and get up at the crack of dawn, but we get a full eight hours of sleep and that makes a great difference in our world,” said Monica, 35, the single mother of a 5-year-old girl, who asked that her last name not be used.
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Panic Attacks Hinder Diabetics
2006-12-24 04:57:07
Psychosocial issues accompanying the diagnosis of diabetes may compromise an individual’s ability to manage the disease leading to more severe health complications and a poorer quality of life. Early identification and treatment of psychological issues such as panic disorder, depression, anxiety and personality disorders that may accompany the diagnosis of a chronic disease can significantly improve quality of life.
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The Feeling Factor
2006-12-19 16:54:02
Idon’t believe severe depression would be possible if it were not for another important ingredient - the feeling factor. Dominance and submission also have “feelings” attached to them. Whether we’re behaving aggressively, or behaving with a lack of self-confidence, a certain feeling goes along with these behaviors. In other words, much of our thoughts and behaviors have unique emotions, feelings, or moods. At its most basic level, depression is all about feelings. When severely depressed persons are asked to describe their depression, a horrible feeling is the thing most often talked about. It is such a unique feeling, that words are virtually powerless to describe it. And, significantly, the words that are used to define the feeling of depression are always negative words: “hopeless”, “lost”, “empty”, etc.
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Depression and Intelligence
2006-12-19 16:54:02
Over the millennia, the human mind became increasingly self-analytical. We, as human beings, became accustomed to sitting around and just thinking about things. We could plan our aggression, for instance, perhaps delaying it to a later time. Or, in situations where we had to submit, we could sit around and brood and worry. We could wish evil things on our opponents, and increasingly, heap scorn and ridicule on ourselves for our weakness. 
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Do We Learn to be Depressed?
2006-12-19 16:54:02
It’s important to remember how a human being - in fact how any organism - learns. For me, there’s a very simple answer to this question: We learn by practicing. The more we do something, the more we practice it, the better we get at it - and the less we have to think about it. We tend to think of practice in a positive sense - like practicing a sport. But we can also practice very negative things. The problem is, we keep getting better and better at those things, too. The same way we learn to drive a car or to play the pianoaein exactly the same way, we learn to be depressed. And for many of us, we learn to be severely depressed. 
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Is Depression There to "Protect" Us?
2006-12-19 16:54:02
It’s unthinkable - especially to a depressed person - that depression might actually be there to “protect” us. But that is exactly what my research suggests. Again, we must consider that, just as dominance and submission exist in us for a reason, something now as common as severe depression must also be serving some “protective” or “adaptive” function.  Well, here is the key: Inside of our instinctive capacity to submit lies the source of depression.
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Our Inner Dialogues
2006-12-19 16:54:02
Depression is almost always the result of the negative “inner dialogues” we have with ourselves. An interesting pattern has emerged from my experimental and survey research into depression: Individuals rarely became severely depressed without engaging in highly submissive inner dialogues. These dialogues are familiar to all of us. They often involve guilt, where we say things to ourselves like: “I’m to blame for what went wrong,” or “It’s all my fault.” These dialogues can also involve thoughts of unrealistic despair, such as “It’s no use. Things will always turn out wrong.” Or: “My job situation or my family situation is hopeless.” Or: “People are always mistreating me.” Or: “I’ll never be able to accomplish anything.” Or: “I’m just of no use to myself or to anyone else.” Or, the dialogues can involve despair about the depression itself, like: “I&...
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Dominance and Our Interests
2006-12-19 16:54:02
Let me briefly discuss what I found to be among the most interesting findings of my depression research - the finding that ultimately resulted in the development of Personalized Depression Therapy. I began my research into depression by asking a large sample of individuals some survey questions. I made sure that I had a representative sample of persons who had never suffered a major depression and a representative sample of those who had. My objective was to see if I could pinpoint any meaningful differences between the two groups. 
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A Closer Look at Interests
2006-12-19 16:54:02
One of the most fascinating areas of psychology is personality psychology. Psychologists have debated for years about exactly what defines a person’s personality. In particular, volumes of research have been written on the so called “trait” terms that we label ourselves and each other with.  For example, if I were to say that I’m “assertive” and “self-confident” or that I’m “shy” and “withdrawn”, I would be using trait terms. We all use these terms, and many others, constantly. And we think we know what they mean. It’s a problem, though, when we try to match up specific behaviors with specific trait terms. The association is usually pretty low.  For instance, exactly what behaviors is the word “shy” supposed to describe? Well, no two individuals seem to agree. In this case, as in others, the real value of the trait term is questionable.
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Personalized Depression Therapy: An Overview
2006-12-19 16:54:02
Let me summarize PDT and the principles on which it is based:  Personal ized Depression Therapy (PDT) is a new way to conceptualize and treat major depression. PDT works by replacing a “negative” set of thoughts and behaviors with a “positive” set. Simply, the goal of PDT is to replace things that trigger the depression response with things that don’t. PDT is based on the following principles: 
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Personalized Depression Therapy (PDT): Exactly What Do You D
2006-12-19 16:54:02
STEP ONE Complete the Submissive Activities Inventory (APPENDIX A). This inventory asks you to list all of your thoughts, behaviors, activities, etc. that you believe to be negative. Examples are: “thinking about being depressed”; “feeling insecure about my job, family, skills, abilities, etc.”; “feeling guilty about_____ “; “being unhappy about_____ “. Be as specific as you can in your answers. Remember that these are the issues that are triggering the depression response in your brain. These are the negative things that we do and the negative ways we think that must be replaced with more “dominant” patterns of thought and behavior.
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How can people with depression get Help?
2006-12-16 16:52:03
The first step is to be honest with yourself: your sadness or unhappiness is interfering with your everyday life.  While relatives and friends can often help you through ‘bad patches’, severe depression needs professional help.  That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t tell people close to you what is going on if you can - it will help them to know, and their ongoing support can be very valuable. Some employers are sympathetic to those with mental health problems, although others may worry about the effects on your work and that you may need to take time off. 
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - Coping with severe depress
2006-12-16 16:52:03
ECT is a controversial treatment which is used for people with severe depression in an emergency (for example when someone has stopped eating) or for people who have not responded well to other treatments. The person receiving ECT is given an anaesthetic and drugs to relax their muscles. They then receive an electrical ‘shock’ to the brain, through electrodes placed on the head. Most people are given a series of ECT sessions. Some people say that ECT is very helpful in relieving their depression, although others have reported unpleasant experiences, including memory problems. There has been a lot of concern about the way ECT has been used, and clearer guidelines and standards have now been developed. ECT cannot be given without your consent, except in very special circumstances, for example when your life is at risk.
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Where to get help
2006-12-16 16:52:03
There are a number of places where you can go to get further help, as follows: General practitioners (GP): this is a good place to start.  Your GP can help you to find the right type of help.  This may include medication, or a referral to another agency for other forms of treatment such as ‘talking treatments’.  GP surgeries will also hold a range of leaflets and information about local services. 
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What is depression?
2006-12-16 16:52:03
The word depression is used to describe a range of moods - from low spirits to a severe problem that interferes with everyday life. If you are experiencing severe or ‘clinical’ depression you are not just sad or upset. The experience of depression is an overwhelming feeling which can make you feel quite unable to cope, and hopeless about the future. If you are depressed your appetite may change and you may have difficulty sleeping or getting up. You may feel overwhelmed by guilt, and may even find yourself thinking about death or suicide. There is often an overlap between anxiety and depression, in that if you are depressed you may also become anxious or agitated. Sometimes it is difficult to decide whether you are responding normally to difficult times, or have become clinically depressed.
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Are there different kinds of depression?
2006-12-16 16:52:03
The following are some specific types of depression which have been identified. Bipolar disorder (Manic depression) About one per cent of the population will experience bipolar disorder at some time in their lives. A diagnosis of bipolar disorder means that you have both ‘high’ and ‘low’ mood swings, along with changes in thoughts, emotions and physical health. The mood swings are normally more extreme than everyday ups and downs. This problem is sometimes also referred to as manic depression.  Most people with bipolar disorder have their first episode of depression in their late teens or early twenties, and without treatment it is very likely to recur.
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All About Depression - Conclusion
2006-12-16 16:52:03
Depression is a distressing experience but there are many kinds of help available. Sadly you may not always get the help you need, sometimes because you may feel too hopeless about your situation to ask. After reading this site you may like to discuss it with your GP or talk it through with family or friends. You may also like to contact one of the organisations or helplines listed below.  Remember that most people do recover from depression and there is a lot you can do to help yourself.
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Coping with mild to moderate depression
2006-12-16 16:52:03
There are a number of things you can do for yourself which can help you cope with mild episodes of depression, or reduce your risk of becoming seriously depressed. Social Support Having someone to turn to for support is very important when coping with difficulties. Some people build up a strong network of friends and relatives whom they can talk to, but others may become isolated, particularly if they have no employment or other activity outside the home. People who are already depressed usually find it very difficult to be sociable, and this can make them feel worse. So having someone to support you in a crisis or when things are difficult can reduce your risk of becoming depressed.
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