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What is an endophenotype?
2007-08-16 11:07:00
Endophenotypes (heritable biologic markers) are relatively simple stable biological phenomena that can be measured objectively and are genetically determined. To function as an endophenotype, a marker must be present both in affected patients with the disorder and in unaffected family members. In theory, although the disorder itself will usually result from a mixture of multiple genetic and nongenetic abnormalities, the endophenotype, as a simpler biological phenomenon, will have a more straightforward genetic and pathophysiological basis. This method has been constructively applied to a number of disorders, such as hemochromatosis (with serum iron as the endophenotype), the long-QT syndrome (QT prolongation), and familial adenomatous polyposis coli (intestinal polyps). Periodic limb movements may serve as an endophenotype, for restless legs syndrome (RLS). Disorders with a complex phenotype and heritability, such as RLS, are increasingly being dissected into their component parts w...

Restless Legs Syndrome
2007-08-16 10:55:00
The restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurologic disorder involving both sensory and motor elements that causes an irresistible urge to move the legs. It is a major cause of sleep disruption. The researchers discovered a genetic sequence variant associated with susceptibility to periodic limb movements in sleep on chromosome 6p in patients and their family members in Iceland and the United States.Association between Allele A of SNP rs3923809 and RLS with Periodic Leg Movements in Sleep among Subjects in Iceland and the United States.The combination of motor and sensory symptoms in RLS is manifested clinically as an urge during rest or inactivity in the evening or at night that delays the onset of sleep. Periodic limb movements — involuntary, highly stereotypical, and regular — occur in sleep, are detectable in most patients with RLS and represent an objective physiological metric. One third of patients are affected before the age of 20 years. Clinical presentation typical...
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Tips to fight your 'Fat'
2007-08-15 06:04:00
Obesity is, quite simply, an excess of body fat. Usually anyone who is 20 percent over the normal weight for his or her Age, Sex, Build and Height is considered as obese. Being overweight is a contributing cause of many preventable illnesses. Even moderate overweight puts an undue stress on the Back, Legs, Joints and Internal organs and this can eventually exacerbate many physical problems and compromise health. Obesity increase body's resistance to insulin and susceptibility to infection and puts one at a higher risk for developing Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Gall stones, Hypertension, Stroke and other problems, that result in premature death. The risk for obese in pregnancy is almost double and chances for normal delivery are reduced. Obese person suffers psychologically as well as physically because our society tends to equate Beauty, Intelligence and Success with fitness. Causes of obesity or being overweight - Poor eating habits, Lack of exercise, Faulty life...
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GRE® - Graduate Record Examinations®
2007-08-14 20:40:00
GENERALLY GRE EXAM IS OF TWO TYPES AS FOLLOWS (A) GENERAL TEST(B) SUBJECT TEST The General Test measures verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and critical thinking and analytical writing skills that have been acquired over a long period of time and that are not related to any specific field of study. The GRE® Subject Tests gauge undergraduate achievement in eight specific fields of study and is often required for admission into a master's degree program. GRE® General Test Overview Verbal Reasoning — The skills measured include the test taker's ability toanalyze and evaluate written material and synthesize information obtained from it analyze relationships among component parts of sentences recognize relationships between words and concepts Quantitative Reasoning — The skills measured include the test taker's ability tounderstand basic concepts of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and data analysis reason quantitatively solve problems in a quantitative setting Analytical...
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Health and Exercise Tips - Ab Crunches
2007-08-14 10:05:00
Trainers show how to properly execute a basic Ab Crunch
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Walking for Fitness - Weight Loss - Exercise
2007-08-14 09:38:00
By watching the video you will came to know that walking is the best exercise.
More About: Fitness , Weight Loss , Weight , Exercise , Walking

Preventing Heart Disease Before it Starts
2007-08-14 09:30:00
Six simple steps you can take to help prevent the occurrence of heart disease. 1. Cut the Fat - eating to much fat, particularly trans fat, can lead to a rise in LDL cholesterol, known as the bad cholesterol. It builds forming plaque that narrows and hardens the arteries. This can cause a clot which leads to a heart attack or stroke. 2. Cardiovascular Exercise - By keeping your heart and the rest of your cardiovascular system strong and in shape you can significantly decrease you chances of suffering from heart disease. Doing some form of physical activity everyday is a good way to heart disease at bay. It can be as simple as doing housework, going for a daily walk or bike ride, taking the stairs instead of elevators, or any number of other daily activities. 3. Quit Smoking - In fact if you smoke you are two to three times more at risk to die from coronary heart disease. 4. Use Less Salt - Salt is a necessary part of any diet but to much salt can cause your body to retain water and ...
More About: Heart , Disease , Heart Disease , Ease , Fore

Natural Ways to Relax and Rejuvenate
2007-08-14 08:18:00
Stress seems to have become a constant factor in today's fast-paced society. If left unchecked, it become a silent killer, it can wreak havoc upon our health. Learning how to effectively manage stress can mean the difference between being robust and full of life, or becoming susceptible to illness and disease. Stress can also weaken the immune system and accelerate the aging process. The ability to relax and rejuvenate promotes wellness, vitality and longevity. A healthy immune system regulates our body's healing process and protects it against infections and diseases. When stress compromises our immune function, it can result in so many diseases like colds, flu, fatigue, cardiovascular disorders and premature aging. Stress also increases heart rate, blood pressure, glucose levels, adrenaline, cortisol, free radicals and oxidative damage. This initiates the "fight or flight" response, places undue strain upon the heart, and can also increase the feelings of anxiety and depression...
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FDA Approves Pfizer's Antiretroviral Maraviroc
2007-08-14 07:52:00
FDA on Monday approved Pfizer antiretroviral drug maraviroc, which belongs to a new class of antiretrovirals that could provide an alternative to HIV-positive people who have developed resistance to multiple drugs, the Los Angeles Times reports. FDA gave expedited approval of maraviroc for use in combination with other antiretrovirals (CQ HealthBeat, 8/6). Mara viroc works by blocking a protein, called CCR5, on human immune system cells that HIV uses as a portal to enter and infect the cell. Pfizer has proposed using the drug to treat people with advanced HIV or AIDS who have not responded to other medications. Pfizer last month also announced that maraviroc can reduce HIV viral loads among people who have never taken antiretrovirals. The company plans to offer the drug with a test developed by Monogram Biosciencesthat determines if people are likely to respond to the treatment (Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report, 7/26). Pfizer will sell maraviroc under the brand name Selzentry (Wall Stre...
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CODE OF STANDARDS FOR ADVERTISING OF MEDICINES AND TREATMENT
2007-08-08 18:45:00
In India the prescription drugs are listed under Schedule H. There are about 570 molecules in this category that are stocked in a total of 5 to 8 lakh retail chemists. Currently, non pharmacy stores can sell a few drugs on the Schedule K of the Drugs & Cosmetics Act in rural areas in villages whose population is below 1,000. 1. Rule 106 of the Drugs Rules, 1945, provides that, no drug may convey to the intending user thereof any idea that it may prevent or cure one or more of the diseases or ailments specified in Schedule J. This schedule includes: Blindness, Bright disease, cancer, cataract, deafness, delayed menstruation, diabetes, epilepsy, hydrocele, infantile paralysis, leprosy, leucoderma, lockjaw, locomotor ataxia, insanity, tuberculosis, tumours, venereal diseases (in general), female diseases (in general), fevers (in general ), fits, glaucoma, goiter, gonorrhea, soft cancer, heart diseases, high blood pressure, lupus, obesity, paralysis, plague, rupture, sexual impotence a...
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Medical Massage For Hypertension
2007-08-04 12:05:00
Hypertension, Dizziness, Headaches, & Worsening of Vision (secondary to Vertebral Artery Syndrome) Greater Occipital Neuralgia, Neck Rehabilitative Exercises
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Prescribing of Antibiotics to Children Still at a Level to Cause Drug Resis
2007-08-04 11:05:00
Regular prescribing of antibiotics to children in the community is sufficient to sustain a high level of antibiotic resistance in the population, warn experts in a study published on bmj.com today.UK general practitioners are strongly encouraged to reduce antibiotic prescribing to minimise the risk of drug resistance, yet prescribing antibiotics to children remains common practice, write David Mant and colleagues at the University of Oxford.A paper published in 1999 reported that over half (55%) of children aged 0-5 years in the UK (the group of patients who receive most antibiotics in the community) receive an average of 2.2 prescriptions for a beta-lactam antibiotic like amoxicillin from their general practitioner each year.They identified 119 children attending general practices in Oxfordshire with acute respiratory tract infection, of whom 71 received a beta-lactam antibiotic (amoxicillin) and 48 received no antibiotic. Background medical information was recorded and throat swab...
More About: Children , Antibiotics , Drug , Bing , A-Level

Diabetes Drugs Increase Risk of Heart Failure
2007-08-04 10:58:00
A class of drugs commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes may double the risk of heart failure, according to a new analysis by researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine and colleagues.Based on a review of research studies and case reports involving more than 78,000 patients, the authors concluded that the risk of heart failure may be up to 100 percent higher (depending on the type of study) in patients taking thiazolinediones (which includes Avandia® and Actos®). These drugs are known to enhance insulin sensitivity.The authors estimated that one additional patient with type 2 diabetes would develop heart failure for every 50 patients taking the drugs over a 26-month period.The results were published online in May 2007 by Diabetes Care and will appear in the August print issue."These drugs are currently used by more than 3 million diabetic patients in the U.S. alone, suggesting that several thousand could be harmed," said Sonal Singh, MD, lead author and an assistant p...
More About: Drugs , Heart , Failure , Risk

Studies Affirm Need for Influenza and Measles Vaccinations in HIV-Infected
2007-07-28 12:46:00
Two new studies emphasize the importance of delivering measles and influenza vaccines to HIV-infected individuals. Both studies are published in the August 1 issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases, now available online.William J. Moss, MD, and colleagues at the Johns Hopkins University and elsewhere studied immune responses to measles vaccine in HIV-infected and uninfected children in Zambia from 2000 to 2004, when measles endemic in a country that still has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world. Measles poses a greater fatality risk in HIV-infected children than in uninfected children.Measles vaccine was administered in both groups at age 9 months. This is the age recommended for infants who are not HIV-infected, but it is commonly also the age when HIV-infected infants are vaccinated against measles. Children were followed for up to 27 months thereafter. Some received repeat vaccination. Measles-specific antibodies in the blood were then measured on subsequent ...
More About: Studies , Influenza , Dies , Infected

First USFDA approval for an IND from INDIA !!
2007-07-28 12:34:00
Nicholas Piramal India Limited (NPIL) announced that the US FDA has approved its Investigational New Drug (IND) application of its lead cancer compound P 276-00 to treat multiple myeloma, a deadly form of blood cancer. It is the first IND from India for a NCE cancer drug approved by the US FDA.Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy, and is responsible for at least 2 per cent of cancer-related deaths. MM remains an incurable disease for most patients, with a median survival of 4 to 5 years. High-dose chemotherapy followed by transplantation has resulted in improvement in response rates and survival compared with conventional therapy, but relapse is nearly universal and not all patients are candidates for this option of aggressive treatment. It is estimated that there would be 16,570 new cases of MM diagnosed in the United States and 11,310 deaths attributed to this disease in 2006.More than 20,000 cases of MM are detected every year in India. Despit...

Dealing with Back Pain
2007-07-26 10:24:00
Human beings walk upright, and not on all four limbs, and as a result the lower back carries most of the body's weight. Because the stress involved with twisting, turning, lifting, and bending are concentrated in the lower back, this is the part of the spine that is most likely to be injured and become a source of pain. Many people who suffer from back problems are experiencing mechanical pain, which means that a specific part of their spine, such as an intervertebral disc, a ligament, or a joint, is damaged and is not working correctly. In addition, depression, anxiety, frustration, reinforcement, stress, anger, fear and many other psychological states can help to cause the onset of back pain, it can be a reaction to prolonged pain, or exist concurrently with pain.CORRECT YOUR POSTURENot maintaining good posture and adequate back support can add strain to muscles and puts extra pressure on the spine. Over time, the stress of poor posture can change the anatomical characteristics o...
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Researchers Identify Gene Variant That Indicates Type 1 Diabetes Risk
2007-07-20 08:37:00
A press release issued July 15th, from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, announced that scientists have identified a gene variant that predicts which children may be at risk for type 1 diabetes.Type 1 diabetes affects mainly children. The insulin producing cells in the pancreas are destroyed by the child's immune system. Kids with type 1 are dependent on insulin injections for life.In two separate phases of the trial, scientists not only rechecked four previously discovered type 1 diabetes gene indicators, but discovered another type 1 gene labeled KIAA0350. It appears that KIAA0350 is active in immune cells and is a component of "natural killer" cells that usually protect the body from foreign invaders, but if KIAA0350 experiences a mutation, it may trigger an autoimmune attack of the islet cells in the pancreas, thereby causing permanent destruction of the cells.Constantin Polychronakos, M.D., director of Pediatric Endocrinology at McGill University and senior author of t...
More About: Diabetes , Risk , Gene , Indica

CUPPING THERAPY
2007-07-14 09:23:00
Over the months toxins build up in the body, without the approriate extractions of these toxins, they can cause problems within the body. Cupping therapy as it is also known is an ancient therapy used all over the world, by many cultures and has been recently re introduced in western and eastern hospitals. Cupping therapy involves introducing a flame into a glass, bamboo or a china cup, which will rid of oxygen and create a vacuum. This action is followed by the practitioner rapidly turning the cup on to the desired location. Depending on the energetic condition of the patient, the practitioner can then decide from ten different types of cupping methods, which will be the most suitable method for that patient. Types of cuppingTen Methods of Cupping 1. Weak (Light) Cupping (Tonifying Method) Suitable for Children, elderly or patients with deficiency syndromes. 2. Medium Cupping (Tonifying Method) the most used technique can be used on children over 7 years old. 3. Strong Cupping (Dra...
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Chikungunya Infection
2007-07-13 16:55:00
During the acute phase of the infection, which lasted seven to ten days, the main symptoms were fever and arthritis, most common in the fingers, wrists, toes, and ankles. About half of the patients also had a rash. If the symptoms continued beyond the first 10 days. This chronic phase of the infection was characterised by severe joint pain and inflammation, which severely limited the patients' ability to walk and perform everyday tasks. Some patients were so disabled that hospitalization was required.The chronic phase of the disease resolved very slowly -- over several months. Treatment was solely symptomatic: pain-relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Some patients improved with short-term steroid treatment. Even after six months, nearly half of patients continued to have symptoms. The infection was particularly painful and disabling for some elderly patients.Chikungunya virus is one of a group of viruses called arboviruses, which includes West Nile virus. It comes from eastern A...
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Endoscopy of two Giant Gastric Ulcers
2007-07-13 12:57:00
This video endoscopy shows two ulcers in a cirrhotic patient. This 82 year old woman who had had severe ascites and previously in the paracentesis procedure had drained 6 liters of ascites liquid, at endoscopy two giant ulcers were found. Liver cirrhosis is frequently associated with complicated peptic ulcer disease. It has been showed that peptic ulcer is more frequent in patients with liver cirrhosis, is associated with the severity of cirrhosis, and occurs without upperabdominal pain in up to 70% of patients and with complications in 29%. This giant ulcer is found at the lesser curvature of the gastric body, macroscopically has suspected, some parameters of malign but the biopsies were negative, however in six week will need a new follow up endoscopy that showed that the ulcer of the antrum is in the scar phase as well as the scar of the ulcer of the body., a six week with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment.
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High Resolution Video Endoscopy
2007-07-13 12:43:00
Examination of the inside of the stomach using an endoscope, passed through the mouth and esophagus, Upper GI endoscopy is a procedure performed by a gastroenterologist, a well-trained subspecialist who uses the endoscope to diagnose and, in some cases, treat problems of the upper digestive, Upper endoscopy lets your doctor examine the lining of the upper part of your gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (first portion of the small intestine). Your doctor will use a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope, which has its own lens and light source, and will view the images on a video monitor. You might hear your doctor or other medical staff refer to upper endoscopy as upper GI endoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or panendoscopy.
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TWIN BABY CAME OUT OF A MAN'S STOMACH
2007-07-13 12:36:00
TWIN BABY CAME OUT OF A MAN'S STOMACH AFTER 36 years after it grew inside his stomach... BELIEVE IT OR NOT
More About: Baby , Stomach , Twin , A Man , Mach

Live Webcast: Novel Gynecologic Oncology Procedures
2007-07-13 12:28:00
The live presentation will feature techniques in total laparoscopic hysterectomy with BSO, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and radical trachelectomy. The presentation will detail the steps of total laparoscopic hysterectomy for uterine cancer. Complete laparoscopic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy will be demonstrated, including full dissection of the pelvic sidewall and removal of lymph nodes to the level of the renal vessels.
More About: Oncology , Live , Logic , Ology , Webcast

Cure For Cancer
2007-07-13 12:13:00
Series of videos about understanding carcinogenesis and its cure
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Libya Aids case
2007-07-12 20:30:00
Six medical staff, sentenced to death in Libya for infecting more than 400 children with the HIV virus will hear the results of their final appeal .But on the eve of the appeal, a senior Libyan doctor has told Al Jazeera he's convinced the children were infected eliberately.The medics have always protested their innocence. Al Jazeera's Amr El-Kahky has this exclusive report.
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Dichloroacetate (DCA) - Cure for Cancer
2007-07-11 13:47:00
After so many years we were relying on conventional cancer treatment on chemotherapy drugs and we are also facing various side effects mainly hair loss and so many others.DCA now proved to be cure for cancer without side effects so lets watch this video to know how it does.
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Which Fats are Healthy
2007-07-11 10:53:00
Triglycerides are the main form of fat in our bodies and in our diets. They provide us with energy, insulation, and protect our internal organs from damage. They also enable our bodies to metabolize proteins and carbohydrates more efficiently. Despite the many benefits triglycerides have, too much in our blood circulation can cause major health problems, such as heart disease. Knowing the right fats to eat can help reduce overall cholesterol levels and help us to maintain a healthy body. Triglycerides can be further divided into the following categories:•Saturated fats - These are considered the most detrimental to your health. They usually are solid at room temperature and are derived from animal products. When looking at their molecular structure, saturated fats contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms (hence "saturated" with hydrogen atoms). Eating a diet high in these has been strongly correlated to heart disease.•Monounsaturated fats - This type of lipid lowers "bad cho...
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Exelon®Patch, the first and only skin patch for the treatment of Alzheimer
2007-07-11 10:46:00
Once-daily skin patch offers novel approach to treating mild to moderate Alzheimer ’s disease, providing smooth and continuous delivery of drug over 24 hours • Similar efficacy to highest doses of Exelon capsules with significant improvement in memory and ability to perform everyday activities compared to placebo • Exelon Patch preferred by caregivers in a study because it helps manage patient care and gives visual reassurance that medication has been administered • Exelon Patch minimizes gastrointestinal side effects seen with oral form of drug Exelon Patch maintains steady drug levels in the bloodstream, improving tolerability and allowing a higher proportion of patients to receive therapeutic doses of medication, with potential improvements in efficacy. It is applied to the back, chest or upper arm, and provides smooth and continuous delivery of medication through the skin over 24 hours. Gastrointestinal side effects are commonly seen with this class of drugs called choli...
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Diabetics at Increased Risk of Hearing Loss
2007-06-29 16:38:00
Diabetics have twice the risk of developing hearing loss as are nondiabetics, researchers reported here at the American Diabetes Association 67th Scientific Sessions (ADA). "The pathologic changes that accompany diabetes could plausibly affect the vasculature or the neural system of the inner ear, resulting in sensorineural hearing impairment," .In the NHANES trial, pure tone thresholds over lower frequency were obtained for each ear at 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz using a calibrated audiometer in a soundproof booth. A pure tone average exceeding 25 decibels over a given frequency range in both ears indicated hearing impairment.After adjusting for age, 31.6% of self-reported diabetics had hearing impairment at the lower frequency range versus 14.5% of the nondiabetic subjects. The figures were 56.8% and 35.8% for the two groups, respectively, at the higher frequency range.The analysis also revealed that diabetics had higher age-adjusted mean pure tone thresholds at...
More About: Risk , Loss , Ease , Hearing , Diabetic

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Lower Cholesterol
2007-06-20 11:16:00
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats found in fish, fish oil, and in the form of supplements. They typically consist of a combination of polyunsaturated fatty acids that include DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid). Polyunsaturated fats, especially EPA and DHA, have a reputation for being heart-friendly fats because they do not promote atherosclerosis associated with causing heart disease. Previous research has shown that individuals consuming omega-3 fatty acids have decreased risk of sudden death from heart disease. Recent research has indicated that it may also lower the risk for heart disease by improving your lipid profile. So, does it help lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels.In order to achieve this amount, one would need to consume a lot of fish. Therefore, supplements are typically used. Ingesting 900 mg of omega-3 fatty acids each day resulted in a 4-percent decrease in triglyceride levels after six months. The average effective dose used...
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