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Explain Use case diagrams. What are the attributes of use cases?
2009-06-01 12:31:00
Use Case Diagrams is an overview graphical representation of the functionality in a system. It is used in the analysis phase of a project to specify the system to be developed.In Use Case Diagrams the whole system is defined as ACTORS, USE CASES and ASSOCIATIONS, the ACTORS are the external part of the system like users, computer software & hardware, USECASES is the behavior or functionality of the system when these ACTORS perform an action, the ASSOCIATIONS are the line drawn to show the connection between ACTORS and USECASES. One ACTOR can link to many USECASES and one USECASE can link to many ACTORS.
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What is Web Application Testing? Explain the different phases in Web Applic
2009-04-16 03:48:00
Web Application Testing is done on a website to check its load, performance, Security, Functionality, Interface, compatibility and other usability related issues. In Web application testing, three phases of testing is done, they are, Web Tier TestingIn Web tier testing, the browser compatibility of the application will be tested for IE, FireFox and other web browsers. Middle Tier TestingIn Middle tier testing, the functionality and security issues were tested. Database Tier TestingIn Database tier testing, the database integrity and the contents of the database were tested and verified.
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What is the difference between Priority and Severity?
2009-03-03 16:17:00
The terms Priority and Severity are used in Bug Tracking to share the importance of a bug among the team and to fix it. Severity1. The Severity status is used to explain how badly the deviation is affecting the build.2. The severity type is defined by the tester based on the written test cases and functionality. Ex : If an application or a web page crashes when a remote link is clicked, in this case clicking the remote link by an user is rare but the impact of application crashing is severe, so the severity is high and priority is low. Priority1. The Priority status is set by the tester to the developer mentioning the time frame to fix a defect. If High priority is mentioned then the developer has to fix it at the earliest.2. The priority status is set based on the customer requirements. Ex : If the company name is misspelled in the home page of a website, then the priority is high and the severity is low to fix it.
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Explain Unit Testing, Interface Testing and Integration Testing. Also expla
2009-02-22 16:11:00
Unit Testing Unit Testing is done to check whether the individual modules of the source code is working properly. i.e Testing each and every unit of the application separately by the developer in developers environment. Interface Testing Interface Testing is done to check whether the individual modules are communicating properly one among other as per the specifications. Interface Testing is mostly used in testing the user interface of GUI applications. Integration Testing Integration Testing is done to check the connectivity by combining all the individual modules together and test the functionality. The types of Integration Testing are, 1) Big Bang Integration Testing In Big Bang Integration Testing, the individual modules are not integrated until all the modules are ready. Then they will run to check whether it is performing well. In this type of testing, some disadvantages might occur like, Defects can be found at the later stage. ...
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Explain Alpha, Beta, Gamma Testing.
2009-02-07 07:51:00
Alpha Testing Alpha Testing is mostly like performing usability testing which is done by the in-house developers who developed the software or testers. Sometimes this Alpha Testing is done by the client or an outsider with the presence of developer and tester. The version release after alpha testing is called Alpha Release. Beta TestingBeta Testing is done by limited number of end users before delivery, the change request would be fixed if the user gives feedback or reports defect. The version release after beta testing is called beta Release. Gamma TestingGamma Testing is done when the software is ready for release with specified requirements, this testing is done directly by skipping all the in-house testing activities.
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Explain the methods and techniques used for Security Testing.
2009-01-18 11:59:00
Security testing can be performed in many ways like,· Black Box Level· White Box Level· Database LevelBlack Box Level · Session HijackingSession Hijacking commonly called as ?IP Spoofing? where a user session will be attacked on a protected network. · Session PredictionSession Prediction is a method of obtaining data or a session ID of an authorized user and gets access to the application. In a web application the session ID can be retrieved from cookies or URL.The Session Prediction happening can be predicted when a website is not responding normally or stops responding for an unknown reason. · Email SpoofingEmail Spoofing is duplicating the email header (?From? address) to look like originated from actual source and if the email is replied it will land in the spammers inbox. By inserting commands in the header the message information can be altered. It is possible to send a spoofed email with information you didn?t write. · Content SpoofingContent spoofing is a technique to develo...
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Explain IEEE 829 standard and other standards related to software testing.
2008-12-22 03:02:00
IEEE 829 Standard is used for Software Test Documentation, where it specifies format for the set of documents to be used in the different stages software testing. The documents are, Test Plan ? Test Plan is a planning document which has information about the scope, resources, duration, test coverage and other details. Test Design ? Test Design document has information of test pass criteria with test conditions and expected results. Test Case ? Test case document has information about the test data to be used. Test Procedure ? Test Procedure has information about the test steps to be followed and how to execute it. Test Log ? Test log has details about the run test cases, test pas & fail status, order, and the resource information who tested it. Test Incident Report ? Test Incident Report has information about the failed test comparing the actual result with expected result. Test Summary Report ? Test Summary Report has information about the testing done...
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What is Test Harness?
2008-12-17 02:50:00
Test Harness is configuring a set of tools and test data to test an application in various conditions, which involves monitoring the output with expected output for correctness. The benefits of Test Harness are,Productivity increase due to process automation. Quality in the application.
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What is SEI? CMM? CMMI? ISO? IEEE? ANSI?
2008-11-23 04:10:00
SEI refers to Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, it helps to improve software development process. SEI offers technical guidance for advanced practice in software engineering. CMM refers to 'Capability Maturity Model', presently called as CMMI 'Capability Maturity Model Integration?; it was developed by SEI and used to understand the processes followed in as organization. CMMI ratings were given to organizations after review by auditors. CMMI has five levels of process maturity for quality software delivery, they are, Level 1 ? In this level only few processes were used and to rely on individual efforts for successful completion of projects. Level 2 ? In this level there will be realistic planning like project tracking, requirements analysis, configuration management. Level 3 ? In this level a proper software development and maintenance are incorporated throughout the organization. Training programs are exercised for bet...

What is Scalability Testing?
2008-10-14 12:04:00
Scalability Testing is used to check whether the functionality and performance of a system are capable to meet the volume and size change as per the requirements.Scalability testing can be done using load test with various software and hardware configurations changed, where the testing environment settings unchanged.
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Explain Test Plan, Test Strategy, Test Scenario, Test Case, Test Script, Te
2008-09-27 04:02:00
Test Plan is a document with information about Scope of the project, Approach, Schedule of testing activities, Resources or Manpower required, Risk Issues, Features to be tested and not to be tested, Test Tools and Environment Requirements. Test Strategy is a document prepared by the Quality Assurance Department with the details of testing approach to reach the Quality standards. Test Scenario is prepared based on the test cases and test scripts with the sequence of execution. Test case is a document normally prepared by the tester with the sequence of steps to test the behavior of feature/functionality/non-functionality of the application. Test Case document consists of Test case ID, Test Case Name, Conditions (Pre and Post Conditions) or Actions, Environment, Expected Results, Actual Results, Pass/Fail. The Test cases can be broadly classified as User Interface Test cases, Positive Test cases and Negative Test cases. Test Script is a program written to tes...
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What are the major activities in Database Testing?
2008-09-22 03:51:00
The major activities in Database testing includes,Checking the Data ValidityChecking the Data IntegrityChecking the Performance related to DatabaseChecking the Security AspectsThe aspects to be considered in Database Schema testing are,Checking the Databases and DevicesChecking the Tables, Fields, Constraints, DefaultsChecking the Keys and IndexesChecking the Stored procedures & PackagesChecking the Error messagesChecking the Triggers - Update, Insert, DeleteChecking the Schema comparisons
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What is Fuzz Testing ?
2008-06-22 06:23:00
Fuzz testing is a Black box testing technique which uses random bad data to attack a program and see what breaks in the application. Fuzz testing is mostly used to,? Set up a correct file to enter your program.? Restore some part of the file by using random data.? Unlock the file with the program.? Observe what breaks. Fuzz testing can be automated for maximum effects on large applications. This testing improves the confidence that the application is safe and secure.
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Explain Peer Review in Software Testing
2007-09-28 09:54:00
It is an alternative form of Testing , where some colleagues were invited to examine your work products for defects and improvement opportunities. Some Peer review approaches are, Inspection ? It is a more systematic and rigorous type of peer review. Inspections are more effective at finding defects than are informal reviews.Ex : In Motorola?s Iridium project nearly 80% of the defects were detected through inspections where only 60% of the defects were detected through informal reviews. Team Review s ? It is a planned and structured approach but less formal and less rigorous comparing to Inspections. Walkthrough ? It is an informal review because the work product?s author describes it to some colleagues and asks for suggestions. Walkthroughs are informal because they typically do not follow a defined procedure, do not specify exit criteria, require no management reporting, and generate no metrics. Pair Programming ? In Pair Programming, two developers work togethe...
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Explain Compatibility Testing with an example.
2007-08-30 18:44:00
Compatibility testing is to evaluate the application compatibility with the computing environment like Operating System, Database, Browser compatibility, Backwards compatibility, Computing capacity of the Hardware Platform and compatibility of the Peripherals. Ex : If Compatibility testing is done on a Game application, before installing a game on a computer, its compatibility is checked with the computer specification that whether it is compatible with the computer having that much of specification or not.
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What is Traceability Matrix ?
2007-08-30 18:14:00
Traceability Matrix is a document used for tracking the requirement, Test cases and the defect. This document is prepared to make the clients satisfy that the coverage done is complete as end to end, This document consists of Requirement/Base line doc Ref No., Test case/Condition, Defects/Bug id. Using this document the person can track the Requirement based on the Defect id.
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Explain Load, Performance, Stress Testing with an example
2007-08-29 17:31:00
Load Testing and Performance Testing are commonly said as positive testing where as Stress Testing is said to be as negative testing. Say for example there is a application which can handle 25 simultaneous user logins at a time. In load testing we will test the application for 25 users and check how application is working in this stage, in performance testing we will concentrate on the time taken to perform the operation. Where as in stress testing we will test with more users than 25 and the test will continue to any number and we will check where the application is cracking the Hardware resources.
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Explain Cyclomatic Complexity.
2007-02-06 13:24:00
Cyclomatic complexity is part of software metrics, by using this the logical complexity of an application can be measured. (i.e) This is used to find out the minimum no of critical path.
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Explain Boundary value testing and Equivalence testing with some examples.
2007-01-24 11:00:02
Boundary value testing is a technique to find whether the application is accepting the expected range of values and rejecting the values which falls out of range. Ex. A user ID text box has to accept alphabet characters ( a-z ) with length of 4 to 10 characters. BVA is done like this, max value:10 pass; max-1: 9 pass; max+1=11 fail ;min=4 pass;min+1=5 pass;min-1=3 fail; Like wise we check the corner values and come out with a conclusion whether the application is accepting correct range of values. Equivalence testing is normally used to check the type of the object. Ex. A user ID text box has to accept alphabet characters ( a - z ) with length of 4 to 10 characters. In +ve condition we have test the object by giving alphabets. i.e a-z char only, after that we need to check whether the object accepts the value, it will pass. In -ve condition we have to test by giving other than alphabets (a-z) i.e A-Z,0-9,blank etc, it will fail.
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What is Defect Leakage ?
2006-12-27 16:41:03
Defect leakage occurs at the Customer or the End user side after the application delivery. After the release of the application to the client, if the end user gets any type of defects by using that application then it is called as Defect leakage. This Defect Leak age is also called as Bug Leak.
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What is AUT ?
2006-12-27 16:41:03
AUT is nothing but "Application Under Test". After the designing and coding phase in Software development life cycle, the application comes for testing then at that time the application is stated as Application Under Test.
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Explain Load, Performance and Stress Testing with an Example
2006-12-02 16:23:12
Load Testing and Performance Testing are commonly said as positive testing where as Stress Testing is said to be as negative testing. Say for example there is a application which can handle 25 simultaneous user logins at a time. In load testing we will test the application for 25 users and check how application is working in this stage, in performance testing we will concentrate on the time taken to perform the operation. Where as in stress testing we will test with more users than 25 and the test will continue to any number and we will check where the application is cracking.
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What are the common problems in the software development pro
2006-12-02 16:23:12
Inadequate requirements from the Client - if the requirements given by the client is not clear, unfinished and not testable, then problems may come. Unrealistic schedules ? Sometimes too much of work is being given to the developer and ask him to complete in a Short duration, then the problems are unavoidable. Insufficient testing ? The problems can arise when the developed software is not tested properly.Given another work under the existing process ? request from the higher management to work on another project or task will bring some problems when the project is being tested as a team.Miscommunication ? in some cases, the developer was not informed about the Clients requirement and expectations, so there can be deviations.
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What software testing types can be considered?
2006-12-02 16:23:12
Black box testing ? This type of testing doesn?t require any knowledge of the internal design or coding. These Tests are based on the requirements and functionality. White box testing ? This kind of testing is based on the knowledge of internal logic of a particular application code. The Testing is done based on the coverage of code statements, paths, conditions. Unit testing ? the 'micro' scale of testing; this is mostly used to test the particular functions or code modules. This is typically done by the programmer and not by testers; it requires detailed knowledge of the internal program design and code. It cannot be done easily unless the application has a well-designed architecture with tight code; this type may require developing test driver modules or test harnesses. Sanity testing or Smoke testing ? This type of testing is done initially to determine if a new software version is performing well enough to accept it for a major testing effort. For example, i...
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What are the basic solutions for the software development pr
2006-12-02 16:23:12
Basic requirements - clear, detailed, complete, achievable, testable requirements has to be developed. Use some prototypes to help pin down requirements. In nimble environments, continuous and close coordination with customers/end-users is needed. Schedules should be realistic - enough time to plan, design, test, bug fix, re-test, change, and document in the given schedule. Adequate testing ? testing should be started early, it should be re-tested after the bug fixed or changed, enough time should be spend for testing and bug-fixing. Proper study on initial requirements ? be ready to look after more changes after the development has begun and be ready to explain the changes done to others. Work closely with the customers and end-users to manage expectations. This avoids excessive changes in the later stages. Communication ? conduct frequent inspections and walkthroughs in appropriate time period; ensure that the information and the documentation is available on ...
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What is Negative testing?
2006-12-02 16:23:12
Negative testing - Test ing the system using negative data is called negative testing, e.g. testing the password where it should be minimum of 8 characters so testing it using 6 characters is negative testing.
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What is Test bed and Test data ?
2006-12-02 16:23:12
Test Bed is an execution environment configured for software testing. It consists of specific hardware, network topology, Operating System, configuration of the product to be under test, system software and other applications. The Test Plan for a project should be developed from the test beds to be used. Test Data is that run through a computer program to test the software. Test data can be used to test the compliance with effective controls in the software.
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What is the difference between Bug, Error and Defect?
2006-12-02 16:23:12
Error : It is the Deviation from actual and the expected value. Bug : It is found in the development environment before the product is shipped to the respective customer. Defect : It is found in the product itself after it is shipped to the respective customer.
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What is Bug Life Cycle?
2006-12-02 16:23:12
Bug Life Cycle is nothing but the various phases a Bug undergoes after it is raised or reported. New or Opened Assigned Fixed Tested Closed
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What are the contents in an effective Bug report?
2006-12-02 16:23:12
Project, Subject, Description, Summary, Detected By (Name of the Tester), Assigned To (Name of the Developer who is supposed to the Bug), Test Lead ( Name ), Detected in Version, Closed in Version, Date Detected, Expected Date of Closure, Actual Date of Closure, Priority (Medium, Low, High, Urgent), Severity (Ranges from 1 to 5), Status, Bug ID, Attachment, Test Case Failed (Test case that is failed for the Bug)
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