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Measurement of electrical energy consumption today
2007-09-12 15:35:00
Electromechanical energy counters were popular for more than 50 years, but today you can find them only in older houses or in low budget appliances because today electronic energy counters taking their place. And there are meny reasons to do so. For instance measurement accuracy, flexibility, multi-rate support, memory, statistics, remote reading and control, ...
More About: Energy , Today , Electrical , Consumption

DIY USB to RS232 adapter
2007-08-27 10:53:00
Sometimes you just need to connect some device to COM port, but computer don’t have one especially laptop. There are two ways ? go and buy USB ? COM adapter or build one. So if you decided to build USB to COM(RS232) adapter, there is one of solutions.   This adapter is very easy to build as ...
More About: Adapter

Oscilloscope probes for accurate signal measurements
2007-08-15 21:07:00
Oscilloscope Probe s Measuring signals with oscilloscopes may be challenging task especially high frequency ones. Without proper oscilloscope probes correct measurement of high speed time domain signals wouldn’t be possible. For high speed measurement you should consider signal parameters like amplitude, source impedance, rise time and bandwidth.   There is a wide variety of probes available ? passive, active, ...
More About: Signal , Oscilloscope , Measurements , Rate

AVR based TDA7313 Audio processor control
2007-08-08 23:10:00
Introduction TDA7313 audio processor have been used for more than ten years in the industry because of its simplicity, functionality and good parameters like low distortion, low noise. Chip is based on BIPOLAR/CMOS technology and can be used in various applications including car radios, Hi-FI, simple mixers. TDA7313 chip has 3 external stereo inputs, that allows to ...
More About: Audio , Processor , Control , Process , Base

Updated USBspi bridge adapter
2007-08-02 23:15:00
USBspi is a general purpose SPI bridge for USB designed by ChaN. Adapted have been updated from older one by replacing older MCU to Attiny2313 and instead COM port there is USB adapter attached which works through FT232RQ USB to RS232 bridge. So writing time is faster now. Also adapter board is placed in small box ...
More About: Bridge , Adapter

Simulate KS0108 graphical LCD with Proteus simulator
2007-08-02 12:47:00
Today it is very popular to use various circuit and microcontroller simulators when developing programs. Using simulators you have several benefits comparing to real prototype boards like you don’t have to connect any hardware to test a piece of code, you don’t have to be in same place when working ? you can have simulator ...
More About: Graphical , Simulator , Graph , Prot

Reliable soldering with fluxes
2007-08-01 15:10:00
Reliable soldering can be achieved by soldering clean surfaces. Usually surfaces are cleaned with abrasives and solvents, but after surface is cleaned surface immediately oxides especially when heated. During oxidation surface is covered by thin oxide film which prevents solder from contacting to metal. This is why flux is used in soldering process. In order ...
More About: Sold , Flux , Erin

What are MEMS
2007-07-31 12:49:00
Today MEMS is common acronym among engineers. Therm MEMS stands for micro-electro-mechanical system and was started to use in 1980sin USA. MEMS are called system because they are not only sensors bu also contain electronic circuitry inside which conditions sensor signal. Simply speaking MEMS is usually a chip device which integrates mechanical elements, sensors, actuators ...
More About: Electronics

Controlling graphical 128×64 LCD based on KS0108
2007-07-20 17:50:00
HQM1286404 is pretty old graphical LCD module but it is still popular. This LCD is controlled by KS0108 lcd controller via two segment drivers. LCD backlight color is yellow-green. I think this is good choice for many projects where graphical information needed because of several reasons ? you can find libraries around the internet to ...
More About: Graphical , Rolling , Troll , Graph , Base

Non-linear adaptive filtering using neural networks
2007-07-14 21:40:00
Neural network signal filters are more adaptive filters than Wiener filters where resulting signal is a product of minimisation mean-square error, Wiener filter is linear filter which is adapted for some specific environment. But linear adaptive filters are limited when noise has Gaussian process pattern. So if significant Gaussian noise is present then there is ...
More About: Networks , Linea , Teri , Neural , Ural

Adaptive ECG artefact noise cancelling using accelerometer
2007-07-13 23:34:00
Electro-cardiographic examination may be performed not only from patients who is laying or sitting down peacefully, but also under stress conditions as some deceases may be detected when patient isn’t in the rest. For this ECG should be measured when patient is actively moving. We know that ECH signal is very weak among various ...
More About: Noise , Meter , Ancel , Adaptive

What is worst-case timing analysis
2007-07-09 11:44:00
Probably many of you PC hardware people have faced similar problems when assembling computer from different parts and it seemed to work properly. But under some circumstances system just crashes without any known reason. Even in my practice I had a sound-card that that works well, but time at the time it just crashes and ...
More About: Analysis , Case , Ming , Timing , Anal

Electronic design and development process
2007-07-09 11:36:00
There are so many ways of designing and developing of electronic devices, that it is hard to think which would fit your needs and desires. But there are common steps that probably fit in most cases that allow to implement the electronic system from top to bottom: 1) Defining the requirements of electronic system; 2) Collecting information ...
More About: Design , Electronic , Development , Process , Develop

Chemical effects of electricity
2007-06-29 12:59:00
Electronics depend on chemistry more than you can imagine. In order to generate electricity there are many methods used, one of them is chemical. Remember batteries, where electricity is generated because of chemical reactions inside cell. Also in conductors like liquids and gases electricity is carried not by electrons as it is in solid constructions(copper, ...
More About: Electricity , Effects , Chemical , Chem

Circular buffers in DSP processors
2007-06-12 17:06:00
I am not going to analyse what DSP processors are different from regular microcontrollers as there are many differences that allow to boost performance in many specific tasks like filtering, FFT, etc. One thing is obvious that DSP processors have to perform mathematical calculations rapidly enough to get predictive results. Better result we want ? ...
More About: Processors , Buff , Buffer , Esso , Process

Automated electronic CAD systems overview
2007-06-11 14:10:00
More and more design operations become automated. These changes give many benefits like effectiveness, minimal errors and less routine operations to designers. Modern electronic equipment require very precise planning as devices shrink to minimal sizes, operation power increases and also have to fit to it external design requirement. So designing is a very complex task ...
More About: Electronics , Electronic , Systems , Tron , Automated

32 bit microcontrollers from ATMEL with ARM7 core
2007-06-06 11:23:00
Somehow I’ve been sticked to NXP LPC2xxx series microcontrollers and left other brands behind. There are many major manufacturers of ARM microcontrollers. One of them that is worth to pay attention is Atmel with its AT91SAM7 (Smart ARM7) series. SAM7 series of microcontrollers have built in Flash memory and data memory as well. Core is ...
More About: Controllers , Microcontrollers , Controller , Troll

New ARM7 Microcontrollers from NXP with LCD support
2007-06-06 10:32:00
New microcontroller LPC2478 from NXP company is based on ARM7 core with built in Flash memory and have built in LCD interface. LPC2470 has no Flash memory. LPC24 series have two high speed buses AHB to ensure independent work of peripherals like LCD, 10/100 Ethernet, USB and two channels of CAN. LPC24xx have reasonable low prices ...
More About: Support , Controllers , Microcontrollers , Controller , Troll

What is DebugWire interface
2007-06-05 10:34:00
Debug wire is an interface which enables debugging AVR microcontrollers by using one wire. All new AVR microcontrollers with less than 16kByte memory have built in one wire bidirectional debugging interface which allows debugging devices at the real time. Like JTAG interface DebugWIRE can handle full execution and program flow control. It also supports unlimited number ...
More About: Interface , Debug

Major programmer types for 8 bit AVR microcontrollers
2007-06-04 16:42:00
AVR microcontrollers have many ways to be programmed. One type adapters are used only to program AVR memory other are used to program and debug. AVRISP Most known and common programming adapter is AVRISP, which is the basic tool and can be used to program Flash, EEPROM memory, most of fuses, lock-bits for probably all 8bit AVR MCU’s.   Programmer ...
More About: Gramme , Controllers , Types , Microcontrollers

How to solder SMD at home even better-Part two
2007-05-23 13:36:00
This is continue of part one. Following advises are for how to solder SMD parts with improved technology. Oven isolation As isolation material there can glass insulation be used. In this case glass insulation was packed in aluminum foil:  Inspected improvement in heating speed: 0.95% without isolation; 1.50% with isolation only inside oven; 1.72% full isolation. Preparing the mask for applying solder Using ...
More About: Home , Part , Bett , Sold

How to solder SMD at home-Part one
2007-05-23 12:38:00
Soldering SMD parts isn’t hard task and there are many methods of doing this. Lets go through several SMD soldering methods and examples. Method 1 For this you will need: Good eyes or magnifying glass. Better one and another; Soldering iron with small tip ~10W; solder wire with diameter about 0.6mm Steps to follow: cut solder wire in pieces in length of ...
More About: Home , Part , Sold

Very simple IR detector that controls relay
2007-05-23 10:59:00
The circuit of this Infrared(IR) detector circuit is a simple light relay which triggers when infrared light is applied to phototransistor Q1. This device can be used in control systems. When infrared light is OFF, Q1 transistor and relay K1 are normally closed.   When IR diode is transmitting IR light phototransistor Q1 opens and thus relay ...
More About: Simple , Control , That

Quality music sound in the car
2007-05-23 10:34:00
It is obvious that for most of drivers car is more than transportation vehicle. Sometimes people spend hours in the car everyday and listens not only news radio broadcast, but also listens music. To have good quality music sound in the car require more than good speakers and power amps, but also some smart solutions ...
More About: Music , Electronics , Sound , Quality , The Car

How PCB files are transfered to circuit boards
2007-05-21 17:20:00
When you are done with ?clean? period of task ? designing, drawing a circuit and tracing a PCB, you need to transfer a design to a real board. Here starts what I call a ?messy? part of design. When designing at home there are several options - to use prototyping boards or make PCB ...
More About: Circuit , Files , Trans , Tran

PCB routing considerations
2007-05-21 16:36:00
One of hardest tasks when fabricating PCB’s is Printed Circuit Board(PCB) routing. There is no unified rules on how properly board should be routed and it would be impossible to write them as situation on each board is different. One of general rules are that the shortest routes are the best because longer routes tend ...
More About: Side , Cons , Consider

Microcontroller Simulators and emulators
2007-05-18 17:07:00
Sometimes you just haven’t ability to flash microcontroller in order to test program functionality in development phase. For this there may be many reasons like you don’t have a prototype ready or you need to test parts of code and so on. For this there are software simulators used which simulates microcontroller work without microcontroller ...
More About: Microcontroller , Control , Micro , Simulator , Controller

Protect you car from rusting using cathode protection
2007-05-16 11:36:00
Who has a car know that smal scratch may cause a rusting which will expand even under painted areas. And fight rusting id pretty hard tas. And so there are lots of methods that car keepers using. Ones are using anti-rust coating… but it has shortcomings ? succes depends on how good it have been ...
More About: Cath , Rust , Prot

How does tri-state buffers work
2007-05-04 16:58:00
Those who work with microcontrollers probably know about data buses. Only one device(memory, peripherals), that are connected to bus can work at one moment. So only one unit can have direct connection to bus besides CPU which usually is a host. So decoding circuit determines the desired unit and connects it to bus. Other devices ...
More About: Work , State , Buff , Stat , Buffer

Using Gray code for rotary encoders
2007-05-04 16:39:00
Gray code is well known and widely used in angular movement systems where angular positions has to be known. Gray code encoder can be constructed pretty easily by masked wheel where tracks are read with photocells.   Did you look at the picture and thought for yourself that gray code is same binary code. Well no… main ...
More About: Code , Encoders , Gray , Encoder , Coder